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Edexcel History: Lancastrians, Yorkists and Henry VII > Henry VII > Flashcards

Henry VII Flashcards

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1
Q

Was Henry the first to use Spies?

A

No

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2
Q

What formed a communication network between monarch and people?

A

Social structure itself - nobles communicate advice to the king - king uses nobles as a mouthpiece

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3
Q

How was Henry informed about the Cornish rebellion?

A

1497 - scouts and spies

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4
Q

Who else helped with Henry’s spy network?

A

Scotland and France

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5
Q

What else did Henry do?

A

Place ambassadors from abroad in royal courts - kept homeland closely informed

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6
Q

Where was used as a base for espionage?

A

Calais

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7
Q

Where did Henry have particular concern about?

A

Low Countries

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8
Q

Who was the main supporter of all Yorkist plots?

A

Margaret of Burgundy

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9
Q

What did he try to do with her court?

A

Infiltrate it with spies to obtain info in the 1490s

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10
Q

Who was likely a spy?

A

Sir Richard Clifford

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11
Q

Who was used as a double agent?

A

Stanley?

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12
Q

Who was the System successful against?

A

Perkin Warbeck and Warwick

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13
Q

What was routinely used by the English?

A

Ciphers

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14
Q

What were bonds?

A

Financial pressure place on the nobility to gain information and secure loyalty

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15
Q

How did Henry control the nobles?

A

Through fear

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16
Q

Who were bonds imposed on?

A

People whose loyalty was questionable or were liable to quarrel

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17
Q

How much of the peerage had to pay money?

A

More than half

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18
Q

What was the consequence of payments not always being called in?

A

Continual threat of being forced to sacrifice a large amount of money if they offended the king

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19
Q

How much was Lord Abergavenny fined in 1507?

A

£70,000

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20
Q

What was the agreement with Abergavenny when he couldn’t pay?

A

Payment of £5000 over a year for the next 10 years

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21
Q

What was the nature of the marriage to Elizabeth?

A

Strategic - fulfilment of the pact made during his exile - united Lancastrians and Yorkists

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22
Q

What was the Beaufort symbol?

A

Portcullis

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23
Q

When was he officially engaged to Elizabeth?

A

10th December 1485

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24
Q

What did they have to get to be married?

A

Papal dispensation to marry

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25
Q

How did they get around the fact that Elizabeth was basically illegitimate?

A

Parliament ordered the destruction of the Act in Jan 1485

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26
Q

When were Elizabeth and Henry Married?

A

18th Jan

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27
Q

How many kids did Elizabeth and Henry have?

A

5 who survived infancy

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28
Q

What was the embodiment of the Tudor rose?

A

Arthur - their first son

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29
Q

Who was in charge of Henry’s finances?

A

Henry

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30
Q

Who was in charge of the bond system and stuff like that?

A

Edmund Dudley

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31
Q

How many people did Henry attaint?

A

138 - 28 nobles after Stoke

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32
Q

When was Henry’s first statute against retaining?

A

1487 - cleared up the ambiguity of “lawful retaining”

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33
Q

When was Henry’s second statute against retaining?

A

1504 - introduced a form of licensing - men could employ retainers for the king’s service alone

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34
Q

Who was indicted for illegal retaining?

A

Buckingham, Derby, Essex, Oxford, Shrewsbury

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35
Q

Who protected the king in 1496?

A

Northumberland

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36
Q

How many earls did Henry create?

A

One - Ed made 9

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37
Q

How many barons did he make?

A

5 - Ed made 13

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38
Q

How did number of peers drop?

A

57 to 44

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39
Q

What lead to Stanley’s execution in 1495?

A

Clifford’s info

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40
Q

Who were also spied on?

A

Northumberland and Stafford

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41
Q

How many bonds were collected within his first decade?

A

191

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42
Q

How much did bonds earn a year in 1493?

A

£3,000

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43
Q

What had this increase to by 1505?

A

£35,000

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44
Q

What were recognisances?

A

Formal acknowledgements of debts/obligations that already existed

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45
Q

How much did Beaumont owe?

A

£10,000

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46
Q

What did Henry gain a bad reputation for?

A

Avarice

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47
Q

What lead to the Yorkshire rebellion?

A

Announcement of a parliamentary tax of a “tenth” to fund defence of Brittany against the French

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48
Q

How did the government try to convince people to pay their taxes?

A

Henry Percy - Northumberland - gave a speech at Topcliffe

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49
Q

What happened to Northumberland?

A

He was lynched

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50
Q

Why was hostility increased?

A

North paid less tax for defence because they were more directly engaged with defence with Scotland

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51
Q

When did Henry break this custom?

A

1489

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52
Q

Why did the north not like the Tudor regime?

A

Where Richard III had most of his following

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53
Q

Why did the Northumberland retinue fail to defend Percy?

A

Northumberland’s retinue had previously had Richard III as their good lord - loyalty to Richard

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54
Q

Where was Northumberland in charge of?

A

Scottish Marches

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55
Q

What was Henry worried that the Yorkist rebellion would become

A

A wider pro-Yorkist rebellion

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56
Q

What happened to the rebels?

A

Began to be fearful about the consequences of such a high status murder

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57
Q

Who went to subdue to rebels?

A

Surrey and Henry

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58
Q

What happened to the ringleaders?

A

Hanged in York

59
Q

Who escaped?

A

Egremont - went to Flanders

60
Q

What did Henry do?

A

Careful not to demand taxation against custom in the North

61
Q

What was the implication of this decision?

A

Limited his military ambitions and provides a reason for his more limited ambitions in the arena of foreign war.

62
Q

When was the Yorkist Tax rebellion?

A

1489

63
Q

When was the Cornish Rebellion?

A

1497

64
Q

Why was there tensions with Scotland?

A

James IV support for Warbeck

65
Q

What caused the Cornish rebellion?

A

High taxation to fund military campaigns in Scotland - seemed irrelevant to the Cornish

66
Q

Who lead the Cornish rebellion?

A

Michael Joseph the Blacksmith and Thomas Flamank

67
Q

Who joins the cause?

A

Audley

68
Q

How many members of the gentry joined the rebellion?

A

24

69
Q

Why would Audley still be loyal to the Yorkists?

A

Father close friends with Ed

70
Q

What did he think would lead to influence?

A

Promoting Warbeck

71
Q

Where did the insurrection spread?

A

The South West

72
Q

Who did the rebels call upon to be their leader?

A

Warbeck

73
Q

Where did they march via?

A

Salisbury, Winchester, Farnham and Guildford

74
Q

What happened on the 17th June?

A

Henry fights insurgents and defeats them at Blackheath

75
Q

Where did they struggle to gain support?

A

Bristol

76
Q

What happened to the ringleaders?

A

Executed

77
Q

What did Henry order?

A

Investigations to discover thousands of lesser me who took part in the rebellion

78
Q

What did Warbeck do?

A

Sailed from Ireland and landed in Cornwall

79
Q

How many men landed in Exeter?

A

8,000

80
Q

What happened within two weeks?

A

Warbeck and rebels defeated by royal troops

81
Q

Where does Warbeck flee to?

A

Sanctuary

82
Q

What does Henry secure?

A

Truce with Scotland

83
Q

What is Henry’s response to the rebellion?

A

Cancels the next round of taxation

84
Q

Why does Warbeck leave sanctuary?

A

On the agreement that his life is sparred and he confesses to being a pretender

85
Q

How was Henry similar to Ed and Richard?

A

Small core group of councillors

86
Q

Who did Henry reward?

A

Earl of Oxford, Jasper Tudor

87
Q

Who else did Henry rely on?

A

Sir Reginald Bray, Richard Empson, Dudley and Sir Edward Poynings

88
Q

How much was Lord Dacre forced to pay?

A

£2,000 in 1506

89
Q

What did Thomas Grey have to do?

A

Find friends willing to sign bonds totalling £10,000 in return for good behaviour

90
Q

What did Henry do with the localities?

A

Reduce the power of individuals - Henry Percy in the north

91
Q

Who got the Lord Lieutenancy after Percy died?

A

Earl of Surrey

92
Q

What happened after 1493?

A

Council of Wales was revived with Prince Arthur at its head

93
Q

How many times did Henry summon parliament?

A

7 times in 24 years - 5 in the first decade of his reign

94
Q

How many parliaments did not pass amendments?

A

1

95
Q

When did he asked for taxation?

A

1487, 1489 and 1496

96
Q

What did Henry continue?

A

Role of Chamber as centre of royal finance

97
Q

How much did the attainder of William Stanley earn the crown?

A

£9,000 in 1495

98
Q

What was the annual income of crown lands in 1485?

A

£29,000

99
Q

What was the annual income of crown lands in 1509?

A

£42,000

100
Q

What did Henry’s annual income grow to per year?

A

£100,000 - Ed’s was £60 - 65,000

101
Q

Where did a third of Henry’s income come from?

A

Custom duties

102
Q

When was he accused of raising money for wars which never happened?

A

1496

103
Q

What did he do in 1491?

A

Forced a loan to fund his French expedition and again in 1496 during the Warbeck crisis

104
Q

What did the Treaty of Etaples do?

A

Gave him a pension of £5,000 per annum

105
Q

When was Henry’s first rebellion?

A

1486

106
Q

Who lead the first rebellion?

A

Viscount Lovell - a close associate and supported of Richard

107
Q

What happened to Lovell?

A

Attainted at Henry’s first parliament and fled from the Tudor regime with Humphrey Stafford

108
Q

What did the men do?

A

Conspired to raise a rebellion against Henry - insurrection in the West Midlands and Yorkshire

109
Q

What was the result of the rebellion?

A

Little appetite for further fighting - major landowners failed to rally to Lovell’s cause

110
Q

When did Henry arrive in York?

A

20 April

111
Q

What did the rebels do?

A

Flee

112
Q

Where did Lovell go?

A

Burgundy to be with Margaret

113
Q

What happened to the young wariwck?

A

Put in the tower

114
Q

What happened in Feb 1487?

A

Lambert Simnel appears in Ireland and claimed to be Warwick

115
Q

Who influenced Simnel?

A

Simonds a priest - confessed to organising the pretence

116
Q

What was the support for Simnel lie?

A

Opportunistic

117
Q

Who supported him?

A

Thomas Fitzgerald, Gerald Fitzgerald and Walter Fitzsimons

118
Q

What did Henry do in response to Simnel?

A

Parade the real Warwick in the streets

119
Q

What limited this display?

A

John de la Pole said that Simnel was real

120
Q

Where did Lincoln go?

A

Antwerp to be with Margaret

121
Q

What did Margaret do?

A

Gave her support to the Simnel conspiracy - gave financial assistance

122
Q

How many mercenaries did Margaret send Lambert?

A

2,000

123
Q

What happened when Simnel landed in Ireland?

A

Crowned in Dublin, parliament held and coins were minted

124
Q

When did the supporters invade England?

A

4 June

125
Q

How many Irish infantry was there?

A

4000

126
Q

Who supported the rebels in England?

A

Two Yorkshire Magnates and some Londoners

127
Q

When was the Battle of Stoke?

A

16 June 1487

128
Q

Who was killed?

A

Lincoln

129
Q

What happened to Simnel?

A

Captured and made a spit turner

130
Q

Who did Perkin Warbeck pretend to be?

A

Richard of York

131
Q

Who supported Warbeck?

A

Charles VIII

132
Q

Why did Charles support Warbeck?

A

Wanted to distract Henry from defending Brittany

133
Q

What happened in November 1492?

A

Truce with France

134
Q

Where was Warbeck forced to flee?

A

Margaret

135
Q

What did Margaret?

A

Said he was her nephew

136
Q

What did Henry do?

A

Suspend trade with Netherlands - led to unemployment and ruits

137
Q

What did Warbeck manage to do?

A

Gain further international status by gaining public support drom Maximillian - King of the Romans

138
Q

When did he have confirmation?

A

1494-1495 from Clifford about a ploy against the king

139
Q

Who was a traitor?

A

Stanley - white rose collar and money

140
Q

When did Warbeck lead a rebellion in Ireland?

A

1495 summer

141
Q

What did James IV do?

A

Let Warbeck marry his cousin, Catherine Gordon

142
Q

What happened 21st September?

A

Warbeck invades England, Warbeck withdraws quickly

143
Q

What did Henry do in response?

A

Declared war on James

144
Q

When was the Magnus Intercursus and what was it?

A

1496 - obliged Margaret to bring her political manoeuvring to an end

Edexcel History: Lancastrians, Yorkists and Henry VII (7 decks)

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