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Edexcel History: Lancastrians, Yorkists and Henry VII > Henry V > Flashcards

Henry V Flashcards

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1
Q

Who was the originator of Lollardy

A

John Wycliffe

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2
Q

Who summoned Wycliffe?

A

Archbishop of Canterbury

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3
Q

What did Lollardy deny?

A

Transubstantiation

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4
Q

What idea about priests did Lollard deny?

A

Persona Christi

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5
Q

What did Lollards want the bible to be?

A

In English

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6
Q

What did Wycliffe claim?

A

Charitable works and prayers for the dead had no effect.

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7
Q

What was Lollard’s belief on property of the church?

A

Should not own property

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8
Q

What did Lollards think of the Pope?

A

He was corrupt and shouldn’t be the head of the church

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9
Q

Who were some Lollard views attractive to?

A

The politically powerful such as Gaunt as they resented paying taxes to the Church in Rome and welcomed a decline in papal power.

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10
Q

What was the Church to monarchs?

A

A vital element for obedience and legitimacy

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11
Q

What was the coronation filled with?

A

Orthodox symbolism - Canterbury, holy oil, oath to God.

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12
Q

What did Henry do in 1410?

A

Attends the burning of John Badby In 1410 and attempted to stop it - turns up to show support of orthodoxy.

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13
Q

Who was Oldcastle?

A

Lancastrian associate - served under Henry V in Wales against Glyndwr.

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14
Q

What happened in 1410?

A

One attempt was made to move against Oldcastle in 1410 - Arundel attempted to place an interdict against his chaplain but he benefitted from his association with Prince Henry.

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15
Q

What did Oldcastle do in 1411?

A

Lead an expedition to Burgundy - a deliberate ploy.

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16
Q

What happened in 1413?

A

Oldcastle under continual surveillance and in Aug 1413, Arundel arrested and prosecuted him.

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17
Q

What did Oldcastle do?

A

Escape

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18
Q

Who condemned Lollard teachings?

A

Pope Gregory XI

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19
Q

Where were there a number of Lollards?

A

Oxford

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20
Q

What did Gaunt argue in relation to Wycliffe?

A

Argue that England should not send money to the pope - always been politically controversial. Teaching that the pope was not-all power and that kings therefore might not be bound by his decisions was useful for monarchs.

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21
Q

What could the Pope do?

A

Make kings unpopular and also allowed rebels to claim they were acting with god’s blessing in attacking the monarch.

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22
Q

When was the Oldcastle rebellion?

A

January 1414

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23
Q

What was the aim of the Oldcastle plot?

A

Kidnap the king and force him to accept Lollardy or murder him so that Oldcastle could rule.

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24
Q

How many people were definitely involved in the Oldcastle plot?

A

220

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25
Q

How many were rumoured to be involved?

A

25,000

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26
Q

How many insurgents were convicted of treason?

A

69

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27
Q

How many were hanged?

A

31

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28
Q

What did Oldcastle do?

A

Run away

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29
Q

What Statute was passed?

A

Statute of Lollards - church more supported to tackle Lollards - all heretics to be executed

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30
Q

What act was passed in 1411?

A

Statute of Riots - take action against criminals

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31
Q

Who does Oldcastle declare loyalty to?

A

Richard II

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32
Q

When was the Southampton Plot?

A

1415

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33
Q

What was the aim of the Southampton Plot?

A

Divert Henry’s attention from invasion of France and replace him with Mortimer

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34
Q

Who supported the Southampton Plot?

A

Scotland, Wales, Northumberland and possibly the French king

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35
Q

How old was Henry when he came to power?

A

26

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36
Q

What did he have a reputation for?

A

Being a fighter due to his time spent in Wales

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37
Q

When did he lead troops?

A

Against Hotspur in 1403

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38
Q

What led to Henry’s increased power in governing?

A

Henry IV’s descent into illness

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39
Q

Who else was in the council until 1411?

A

Arundel

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40
Q

What did he have some success in?

A

Controlling the crown’s finances and improving relations with the Commons

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41
Q

What was the suggestion from the Beauforts?

A

The king should abdicate in favour of Henry V

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42
Q

What did Henry IV seem to be?

A

Resentful towards Henry V’s use of royal power

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43
Q

What happened in 1411 - 1412?

A

Henry was publicly excluded from political influence - humiliating

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44
Q

What happened in September 1412?

A

Reconciliation between the two men

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45
Q

When was the blessing given to Henry as heir?

A

March 1413

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46
Q

When did the HYW begin?

A

1377 under Edward III

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47
Q

What happened during the reign of Richard II?

A

Hostilities towards France reduced - had a pro-French stance

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48
Q

What happened during Henry IV’s reign?

A

Conflict resumed - piracy and fighting in Aquitaine

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49
Q

What meant focus was limited in France during Henry IV’s reign?

A

Illness, conflict with Scots and Welsh and financial difficulties

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50
Q

What did Henry do to regain these losses?

A

Sent ambassadors to the French king - claiming all territories had been English

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51
Q

What treaty handed land to the French in 1360?

A

Treaty of Bretigny

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52
Q

What else did Henry ask for?

A

The hand of the youngest daughter of the King - Catherine of valois

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53
Q

What was the French’s response?

A

Rejection - deliberately chose to insult Henry

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54
Q

What did the French send to Henry?

A

Tennis Balls - King’s youth

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55
Q

What spurred Henry’s plans to invade in 1414-1415?

A

Charles VI mental health problems

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56
Q

What did Henry do 1413 - 1415 to isolate France?

A

Diplomatic measures

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57
Q

What did Henry see the invasion as?

A

A way to prove himself as monarch and silence critics

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58
Q

What attitude was taken towards Wales?

A

Conciliatory - investigated complaints of oppression and issuing pardons for some former rebels

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59
Q

What was the outcome of his measures towards Wales?

A

Less chance of a rebellion in his absence and some men more likely to fight in an army against the French

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60
Q

What measures did Henry take towards the Percies?

A

Rehabilitate them - ordered that the Hotspur heir was returned to England and could inherit Yorkshire, Northumberland and Cumberland estates

61
Q

What title was Hotspurs’ heir given?

A

Northumberland - used to protect against the Scots

62
Q

What happened in 1406?

A

King James I was captured and held as prisoner - reducing incursions on the northern border

63
Q

What happened Jan 1414?

A

10 year truce with the Duke of Brittany with hopes to isolate France and prevent Bretons from helping the French

64
Q

What was the rumour about the Southampton plot?

A

Funded by the French to delay the English invasion

65
Q

How big was Henry’s army?

A

10,500 to 12,000 men

66
Q

Where was placed under siege?

A

Harfleur - surrendered on the 22 September

67
Q

What caused English losses?

A

Dysentry

68
Q

What is the criticism of Henry’s march to Calais?

A

Too long a journey - soldiers were exhausted

69
Q

How many French soldiers were waiting at the Somme?

A

6000

70
Q

Where did Henry’s men have to cross?

A

Amiens upstream

71
Q

What did the French do to make the journey harder for the English?

A

Block bridges and mirror the English’s position

72
Q

How did Henry get them over the river?

A

Pushed his troops and gained half a day on the French - found a causeway

73
Q

When did they get over the river?

A

19th October

74
Q

When was the battle of Agincourt?

A

25th October 1415

75
Q

Who was where?

A

Henry centre, Edward DoY right, Baron Camoys left

76
Q

What % of his army were longbowmen?

A

80%

77
Q

Where were the archers positions?

A

At the front protected by sharp stakes - also sent behind the army

78
Q

How many divisions of men did the French have?

A

3

79
Q

What was the issue with the close formation?

A

The French were grouped too tightly and the muddy ground and heavy armour lead to them getting stuck

80
Q

What were archers ordered to do when they ran out of arrows?

A

Engage in hand to hand combat

81
Q

What did Henry order at the end of the Battle?

A

The murder of all prisoners to prevent them helping in the case of French reinforcements

82
Q

Why were many soldiers unwilling to kill prisoners?

A

Would forfeit their ransom money if they were killed

83
Q

How many soldiers were lost on the English side?

A

1 to three hundred

84
Q

Which significant people were killed?

A

DoY and De la Pole

85
Q

How many people died on the French side

A

Thousands

86
Q

How many magnates died?

A

11

87
Q

How many barons died?

A

120

88
Q

How many knights killed?

A

1,500

89
Q

Who survived?

A

Orleans and Bourbon

90
Q

How many french troops were there?

A

14,000 - 36,000

91
Q

What did Agincourt lead to?

A

More funding from Parliament

92
Q

Where was the Duchy of Burgundy?

A

Between Saone and Loire Rivers

93
Q

What happened in 1361?

A

Duchy passes into the hands of the Valois dynasty

94
Q

What happened in 1364?

A

John II of France granted the Duchy to Philip the Bold (youngest son) - power enhanced by marriage to Margaret - daughter of count of Flanders - wealthy heiress.

95
Q

When did the Count die?

A

1384

96
Q

What did the death mean?

A

Philip inherited wealth of Flanders

97
Q

When did Charles VI become a political problem?

A

1392

98
Q

Who began to run their own areas as independent states?

A

Burgundy and Orleans

99
Q

What did this independence lead to?

A

Vying with each other for control at court

100
Q

Who was the regent?

A

Louis - Charles’ bro

101
Q

What happens in the 1417-1419 campaign?

A

Conquered Normandy and captured Roeun

102
Q

When was Rouen captured?

A

19 Jan 1419

103
Q

What assisted Henry in his diplomacy?

A

Divides in the French government

104
Q

What did the Duke of Burgundy resent?

A

French claims of sovereignty over his duchy

105
Q

What happened the 10th September 1419?

A

Tension increased when various French parties meet at Montereau to discuss how to deal with the English

106
Q

How did this meeting end?

A

John the Fearless was murdered as revenge for the killing of Louis

107
Q

What did Phil the Good do?

A

Broke of negotiations with the dauphin and allied with England

108
Q

Who did Phil support?

A

Queen Isabella - make them more inclined to accept a treaty and marriage between Henry and Catherine

109
Q

When was the Treaty of Troyes?

A

1420

110
Q

What was the clauses of the treaty?

A

Charles disinherit, Henry regent, marriage, Henry heir

111
Q

What did Henry agree to?

A

Assisting Phil in waging a war against the Armagnacs

112
Q

What was the first major challenge for the alliance?

A

Battle of Cravant

113
Q

What happened in 1423?

A

Alliance fought the dauphin - successful while being outnumbered

114
Q

What made the situation change?

A

Joan of Arc in 1429

115
Q

What happened in 1434?

A

Pope Eugenius IV granted formal recognition to Charles’ kingship

116
Q

What happened in mid 1434?

A

Phil considering breaking the alliance

117
Q

What happened in 1435?

A

Met messengers for Charles at Nevers and came to a preliminary peace treaty - formalised in the summer at the Congress of Arras

118
Q

When was the fall of Paris?

A

April 1436

119
Q

When was heavy taxation granted to Henry?

A

1415-1416

120
Q

How big was Henry’s army in 1417?

A

10,000 men

121
Q

When did the army land in the Seine estaury?

A

August 1st

122
Q

What was significant about this date?

A

Feast of St Peter ad Vincula - Peter freed by an angel from King Herod’s captivity.

123
Q

What happened two weeks after their landing?

A

Captured Caen - bombardment and the townspeoples recognition that resistance would disadvantage them

124
Q

What happened mid November 1417?

A

Parliament agrees to another double lay subsidy

125
Q

What did Warwick do?

A

Assaults on key towns like Alencon and Domfront

126
Q

Where did Gloucester besiege?

A

Cherbourg - staved it into surrender in 1418

127
Q

Where was an administration set up?

A

Caen

128
Q

What happened 24th November 1417?

A

Henry styles himself as Duke of Normandy as well as King of France

129
Q

How did he encourage local acceptance?

A

Discipline aka cruelty

130
Q

When was the fall of Falaise?

A

Turn of the year

131
Q

Who helped Henry command?

A

Thomas and Humphrey

132
Q

What happened 20th July 1418?

A

Point-de-l’Arche seized - miles from Rouen

133
Q

Why was Rouen significant?

A

Capital of Normandy - cut of Parisian support

134
Q

When did the seige of Rouen begin?

A

30th July 1418

135
Q

What was the method of the siege?

A

Starve the city

136
Q

How long did the siege last?

A

Six months

137
Q

How much did the English fine Rouen?

A

£50,000

138
Q

What did Rouen recognise Henry as?

A

Their feudal Lord

139
Q

What happened in 1418 Summer?

A

French had maintained a united front until now, when Burgundian Duke John the Fearless seized Paris along with the King and Quee

140
Q

What did Henry do October 1418?

A

Negotiate with both parties

141
Q

How much was Catherines dowry?

A

1 million

142
Q

When do negotiations stall?

A

Spring 1419

143
Q

What happens in May and June 1419?

A

Burgundian meeting. At Meulan - prepared to offer the Bretigny terms plus Normandy and dowry demands - Princess Catherine was there.

144
Q

When was John killed?

A

10th September 1419

145
Q

Where never fell?

A

Mont Saint Michel

146
Q

When was the marriage?

A

2 June 1420

147
Q

What was disrupted?

A

Gascony’s wine exports - damaged Bristol

148
Q

What happens in 1420?

A

Weather impacts the harvest - many die

Edexcel History: Lancastrians, Yorkists and Henry VII (7 decks)

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