Henry IV Flashcards
1
Q
What was going to be difficult for Henry IV?
A
Keeping the crown
2
Q
What did Henry do at the first parliament of his reign?
A
Claimed that Richard had voluntarily resigned the throne when a delegation of nobles had approach him
3
Q
What was more likely than the voluntary abdication?
A
Forced abdication
4
Q
What was a serious issue for Henry’s stability?
A
Widespread knowledge of a forced abdication
5
Q
What was important for Henry’s takeover?
A
The new regime carefully managed and legally supported the takeover
6
Q
Who argued that the new Lancastrian regime justified Henry’s seizure?
A
Adam of Usk
7
Q
What things had Richard done that justified the usurpation?
A
Immoral rule, sacrilege, perjury, sodomy, incompetence, lack of ability and greed.
8
Q
How many accusations were read against Richard?
A
39
9
Q
What was the accusation in terms of taxation?
A
Weighty and unnecessary - not for the common good but personal advantage.
10
Q
What was the issue of the Lord Appellants?
A
Emphasis on the fact that he pardoned the offences but continued to have resentment - actions of 1397.
11
Q
What was the issue with the Cheshire retinue?
A
Richard did nothing to restrain them despite complaints.
12
Q
What was the issue with the exile of Bolingbroke?
A
It was unjust and unmerciful
13
Q
What was the issue with royal intervention in the selection of local officers?
A
Changing oaths to make them more accountable to the king.
14
Q
What did Richard do in terms of the courts?
A
Requiring financial payments and interfering in cases in the ecclesiastical courts.
15
Q
What did Richard do to make money?
A
Make false accusations of treason
16
Q
What did Richard ignore?
A
Advice of council - arrogant - rebuking and reprimanding nobles
17
Q
What did he do with the crown jewels?
A
Took them to Ireland
18
Q
What did Richard do with land?
A
Seizing subject’s land without good reason and imprisoning them without fair trial.
19
Q
What was the general view towards Richard?
A
He was so changeable that no one could trust him
20
Q
What did the usurpation challenge?
A
The idea that kings were ordained by God
21
Q
What was the issue with the usurpation?
A
Established the precedence that king’s conduct was open to criticism and judgement
22
Q
What did the usurpation demonstrate to nobles?
A
Unpopular kings could be ousted by an overmighty subject with enough military support.
23
Q
Who was more entitle than Henry?
A
Edmund Mortimer
24
Q
What weakened Mortimer’s claim?
A
Inheriting Ed III’s blood through a WOMAN
25
How old was Mortimer?
8
26
Why did many prefer Henry?
Adult male, proven warrior, substantial retinue - people didn’t want another minority king.
27
When was Henry crowned?
13th October 1399
28
What did Henry ensure?
Prince Hal was Prince of Wales to secure the succession
29
What did Henry revoke?
Decisions taken by the 1397-98 parliament and restoring those of 1386.
30
What did Henry promise?
The Duchy of Lancaster - live off his own
31
What was living off his own hint to?
Richard's frequent requests for taxation and recognition of parliament's frequent criticism of royal expenditure.
32
What did Henry show that was a contrast to Richard?
Clemency to Richard's supporters - Richard had a lack of mercy
33
When was the Epiphany uprising?
January 1400
34
Who was at the head of the Epiphany uprising?
Huntingdon, Kent and Salisbury and Despenser
35
What was the aim of the Epiphany uprising?
Murder Henry and his sons during the Christmas revelry at Windsor
36
Why did the Epiphany uprising fail?
Henry was forewarned and had time to escape with his family to London.
37
What happened to the rebels?
Killed by local people before they could be found and executed
38
What did the uprising show?
Criticisms of Richard were genuine and there was widespread dislike
39
Where was Richard imprisoned?
Pontefract Castle
40
What was the issue with Richard being alive?
There could be more rebellions with him at the centre
41
When was Richard dead?
Feb 1400
42
What was the claim about his death?
Suicide
43
What was the more likely cause of death?
Murdered on Henry's orders
44
Why did Henry publicise Richard's death?
Prevent pretenders causing unrest by claiming the throne
45
Where was the body taken?
London - face displayed to stop the idea of substitution
46
Why were the so many issues at the beginning of his reign?
Legally dubious nature of his claim to the throe.
47
How did Henry overcome the issues?
Political skill and ruthlessness - aided by how bang average Richard was
48
Who told on the rebels?
Earl of Rutland told the Duke of York
49
What did some people believe uncovered the plot?
Esquire slept with a harlot
50
What other rebels were there?
Sir Benedict Cely, Sir Thomas Blount of Oxfordshire and the deposed Archbishop of Cantertbury
51
Why did the rebels uprise>
They had suffered the most from Henry taking the throne
52
What did Henry try to do?
Seek peace with Scotland
53
Why did Scotland not want peace?
Didn't recognise Henry as a usurper
54
How many troops did Henry raise?
15,000
55
Who was the leader of the Welsh rebellion?
Owain Glyndwr
56
When did the issues start with Wales?
15th Century
57
What connections did Owain have?
Marriage connections to Anglo Welsh families
58
What happened in September 1400?
Glyndwr led a rebellion beginning at Glyndyfrdwy
59
What did Glyndwr become after September 1400?
Prince of Wales
60
What did Owain plan to do?
Murder Henry IV and destroy the Lancastrian regime
Obliteration of the English Language in Wales
61
What land did Owain burn down?
Ruthin - part of Lord Grey's territory
62
What happened to Owain's troops?
Overwhelmed by Hugh Burnell's troops
63
Where was Henry while this was happening?
In North - dealing with the Scots
64
Who was left in charge of Wales?
Prince Hal and Henry Hotspur
65
What tactics did the Welsh use?
Guerrilla tactics - threat mounting
66
What happened in 1401?
Welsh origins left to Wales to prepare for War - labourers and students and Oxbridge
67
When did Henry return to Wales?
Summer/autumn 1401 - Owain didn't want a scrap
68
What happened in 1402?
Edmund Mortimer IV (uncle to earl of march - alternative heir to Richard) captured by Glyndwr
69
What did Mortimer do?
Switch sides to support the Welsh - claimed his nephew was the rightful king
70
What did parliament do in September 1402?
Enacted a series of statutes forbidding the sale of food or armour to Wales and prohibited public meetings, the bearing of arms, the keeping of castles or the holding of office by Welsh men or those married to Welsh women
71
What did Lady Despenser do in Feb 1405?
Plot to seize Mortimer boys - break them out to join with a small force - nothing happens but it happens so close to Glyndwr.
72
When was the tripartite indenture?
1405
73
What was the Tripartite Indenture?
Agree that Glyndwr will have Wales - Mortimers have most of England and the Percies have the North - threat - doesn’t come to fruition.
74
What happens in May 1405?
Scrope Rebellion
75
What happens in August 1405?
French land at Milford Haven
76
What happens in Sept 1405?
Battle at Worcester
77
Who was dissatisfied with Richard's treatment of them?
Percies - especially with the borders
78
Why did the Percies support Henry?
He rewarded them - 1402 - got territories in both Wales and Scotland
79
What did the grants to Hotspur do?
Meant that he had an almost complete monopoly on military and political power in North Wales and the East March
80
What happened in September 1402 that could have caused Hotspur's rebellion?
Earl of Northumberland and Hotspur fought alongside earl of Dunbar - decisive victory - dispute due to Henry not wanting prisoners
81
What did Percy want Henry to pay for?
Military service - felt it would assist with Scot campaigns
82
Who had a claim to the throne?
Elizabeth Mortimer - believed her nephew should be king
83
What did Henry say about Edmund Mortimer?
Traitor - refused to allow the negotiation for freedom
84
What did Henry with Mortimer's lands?
Seized them - tension between Percies and king - increased in November - Mortimer marries Glyndwr's daughter
85
What happened in April 1403?
PoW placed in charge of the newly united military command in Wales - reduced Hotspur's power in the area
86
Where did Hotspur hold significant offices?
North Wales - but he was given a leading position in the prince's household
87
What did Percy's soldiers cry out?
Henry Percy King
88
When did Hotspur rebel?
1403
89
Who joined Hotspur?
Worcester and Cheshire
90
Who did Hotspur ally himself with?
Richard
91
What happened at the Battle?
Hotspur killed, Prince Hal injured
92
Why was the body of Hotspur displayed?
Prevent claims that he was still alive.
93
What was the main cause for Scrope's rebellion?
Financial mismanagement of the king's government
94
Who was Scrop?
Archbishop of York
95
Who joined Scrope?
Northumberland and earl marshal Thomas Mowbray - Lord Bardolf
96
What happened to Scrope?
Executed in June 1405 - criticised due to Scrope's popularity
97
Who tried to intercede with the execution?
Arundel
98
What did moralists see the execution of Scrope as?
Abhorrent - Henry getting ill was divine retribution
99
What was the issue with Henry's rule?
Tax and legitimacy
100
How many people supported Scrope?
8000 followed them onto the moor
101
How was Scrope seen?
As a martyr
102
How many troops did France send the Welsh?
2,500
103
What did Henry organise in 1402?
Marriage of his daughter Blanche to Ludwig - eldest son of Count Palatine of the Rhine and King of the Romans - gave Henry IV an important ally - strategically important against France.
104
Who did Philippa marry in 1406?
King of Norway, Sweden and Denmark
105
Who did Henry have an informal alliance with?
King of Portugal - king of Castille as well - Order of the Garter.
106
Who was Aquitaine granted to?
Charles VI's heir - the Dauphin
107
What did the English do in 1402?
Sent a fleet to France - was intercepted
108
What happened in France in 1403?
French troops invaded Aquitaine - forced English troops to retreat
109
Where remained loyal to the English crown?
Central Gascony
110
What did Robert III do?
Refuse the legality of the usurpation - raids in northern England
111
What did Henry do in November 1399?
Informed parliament that he would wage war on Scotland
112
What did Henry do in 1400?
Wrote to Robert and other lords that they performed an act of homage ot him
113
How many men did Hotspur have?
870
114
How many men did Prince Hal have?
2,000
115
Who was Richard II married to?
Anne of Bohemia
116
What was the issue with Richard's marriage?
Had to pay her dad a loan of 80,000 florins to the HRE and did have a dowry
117
How old was Princess Isabella?
9
118
What was the bonus of the marriage to Isabella?
Massive dowry
119
How long of a truce did the marriage enable?
28 years with France
120
Who were key figures in Richard's council?
John of Gaunt and Thomas of Woodstock
121
What was tax like in his early years?
High
122
What was his military like?
Badly - French raids on the south coat in 1377 and 81
123
What was a victory for Richard?
The Peasants Revolt
124
What was the Lord Appellants Crisis?
Alliance between opposing nobles - lead to a strong unity between Bolingbroke and Woodstock
125
When was the Merciless Parliament?
1388
126
What was the merciless parliament?
Killing off of Richard's Advisors
127
What could have caused Richard's tyranny?
Anne's death
128
What happened in July 1397?
Ordered three of the five lord appellants - Gloucester, Warwick and Arundel - to be arrested
129
How strong was the Cheshire retinue?
700 archers - 300 forming a personal bodyguard
130
Who was promoted?
Micheal de la Pole and Robert De Vere
131
What was De La Pole made in 1385?
Chancellor and Earl of Suffolk
132
When was the Peasants revolt?
1381
133
Who was blamed for the poll tax?
John of Gaunt
134
When was the Statute of Labourers passed?
1350
135
When was the Wonderful Parliament?
1386
136
Who became heir apparent following the death of Anne?
Roger Mortimer - Earl of March
137
What happened in 1397?
Bolingbroke gets embroiled in a quarrel with Mowbray - exiled for 10 years
138
What happens when Gaunt dies?
Bolingbroke is disinherited
139
Where does Bolingbroke land?
Humber Estuary
140
Who supports Bolingbroke?
Northumberland, Westmorland, Aundel and York
141
Who was sent to negotiate with Bolingbroke?
Exeter and Surrey
