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BOD III > Hemolymphatics > Flashcards

Hemolymphatics Flashcards

1
Q

Name common degenerative diseases of bone marrow

A
  1. myelofibrosis
  2. serous atrophy of fat “gelatinous transformation of fat”
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2
Q

Describe the mechanism for development of myelofibrosis

A
  1. Scar formation after necrosis
  2. High concentration of growth factors with marrow injury or activation
  3. Idiopathic
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3
Q

Causes of myelofibrosis

A
  1. leukemia
  2. infiltrative metastatic neoplasia
  3. BVDV, E. canis, FeLV
  4. sepsis
  5. drugs/toxins
  6. irradiation
  7. chronic hemolytic anemia
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4
Q

cause of Serous Atrophy of Fat “gelatinous transformation”

A

emaciation/starvation

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5
Q

causes of regenerative anemia

A

hemorrhage
hemolysis

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6
Q

causes of nonregenerative anemia

A

bone marrow insult:
Infectious
Toxins
Medications
Estrogens
Chronic kidney disease (decreased erythropoietin)
Fe deficiency
Cancer

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7
Q

Know the expected bone marrow response for regenerative vs non-regenerative disease

A

regenerative - erythroid hyperplasia

nonregenerative - erythroid hypoplasia/ aplasia in BM

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8
Q

regenerative anemia abnormalities with hemorrhage

A

Fe deficiency anemia
↓ plasma or serum protein concentrations
↑ BUN relative to creatinine (GI bleed)

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9
Q

regenerative anemia abnormalities with hemolysis

A

icterus
hyperbilirubinemia
hemoglobinuria
splenomegaly

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10
Q

aplastic anemia in dogs & cats

A

Antimicrobial agents & chemotherapeutic agents
estrogen (dogs only)
phenylbutazone
aflatoxin B
Ehrlichia
parvovirus/panleukopenia
FeLV/FIV

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11
Q

aplastic anemia in horses

A

phenylbutazone
aflatoxin B
EIA

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12
Q

aplastic anemia in cattle & sheep

A

bracken fern
trichloroethylene
aflatoxin B (cattle)

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13
Q

List 2 infectious diseases that can cause immune-mediated thrombocytopenia

A
  1. Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA)
  2. Ehrlichiosis
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14
Q

List 4 causes of non-neoplastic lymphocytosis in dogs and cats

A

Epinephrine (cats)
age/antigenic stimulation (cats)
Chronic inflammation
Ehrlicia canis infection
Thymoma – paraneoplastic lymphocytosis
Hypoadrenocorticism
Hyperthyroidism (cats)

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15
Q

acute leukemia expression & clinical signs

A

CD34

pancytopenia, pale mm, BM highly cellular, splenomegaly, LN involvement, infiltrates organs

poorly differentiated, worse prognosis

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16
Q

most common chronic leukemia in dogs

A

CD8 lymphocytosis (T cell)
CD21 lymphocytosis (B cell)

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17
Q

most common chronic leukemia in cats

A

CD4 lymphocytosis (T cell)

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18
Q

clinical signs of chronic leukemia

A

incidental lymphocytosis
anemia
cytopenias not present
splenomegaly
lymphadenopathy
highly cellular BM

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19
Q

List negative prognostic indicators in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

A

boxers sig shorter survival
high lymphocyte count > 60,000 sig shorter survival
higher Ki-67 worse survival

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20
Q

benefits of flow cytometry

A

Distinguished homogeneous from heterogeneous expansions
Identifies aberrant antigen expression
prognostic info

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21
Q

List 3 clinical abnormalities that can be seen with multiple myeloma

A
  1. hyperglobulinemia
  2. hypercalcemia (due to osteolysis)
  3. pancytopenia
  • monoclonal gammopathy, osteolysis, light chain proteinuria
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22
Q

purpose of serum electrophoresis for multiple myeloma

A

identify monoclonal gammopathy

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23
Q

List infectious diseases that can have thymic lesions

A

parvovirus
canine distemper virus
FIV
EHV-1
BVDV
PCV-2

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24
Q

describe thymic involution

A

follows sexual maturity
lymphoid and epithelial components are replaced by adipose and c.t.

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25
Q

describe thymic hypoplasia

A

neonates with immunodeficiency

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26
Q

which virus causes thymic inflammation & has the description “thymus atrophy to granulomatous inflam with multinucleated cells with cytoplasmic viral inclusions”

A

PCV-2 “postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome”

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27
Q

cell of origin of thymoma

A

epithelial cells

28
Q

Characterized flow cytometric, histologic and paraneoplastic disorders associated with thymomas

A

flow cytometry: coexpression of CD4+CD8+ T cells & heterogeneous T cell expansion in the peripheral blood
histology: neoplastic epithelial cells with non-neoplastic T cells
paraneoplasms:
1. myasthenia gravis + megaesophagus
2. lymphocytosis
3. exfoliative dermatitis

29
Q

List 3 viral diseases in dogs and cats that can affect the thymus

A

Parvovirus
Canine distemper virus
FIV

30
Q

List 3 viral disease in other species that can affect the thymus

A

EHV-1 in equine
BVDV in cattle
Porcine-circovirus-2

31
Q

What disease can cause thymic inflammation and what is one other unique characteristic of this disease in relation to macrophages?

A

Porcine Circovirus-2 (PCV-2) – will cause granulomatous inflammation with multinucleated cells with cytoplasmic viral inclusions

32
Q

What disease in cattle can cause thymic atrophy?

A

BVDV

33
Q

List 3 paraneoplastic syndromes you can see with a thymoma

A

Myasthenia gravis & megaesophagus
Lymphocytosis
Exfoliative dermatitis

34
Q

Provide 3 differentials for a cranial mediastinal mass

A

Neuroendocrine tumor
Thymic Lymphoma
Hemangiosarcoma

35
Q

Provide 2 commonalities of thymic lymphoma across multiple species

A
  1. typically young animals (except dogs have wide range + hypercalcemia)
  2. not usually associated with viruses (except cats - FeLV/FIV)
36
Q

what is one difference between cats with thymic lymphoma compared to other species?

A

associated with FeLV/FIV

37
Q

List non-neoplastic causes of diffuse soft enlargement of the spleen

A
  1. gastric volvulus with splenic entrapment
  2. splenic volvulus/torsion
  3. barbiturate euthaniasia, anesthesia or sedation
  4. acute hyperemia (septicemia) or acute hemolytic anemia
38
Q

What species are primarily affected by Anthrax and what causes the disease?

A

cattle, sheep

Bacillus Anthracis

39
Q

What is the sequence of events of Anthrax

A
  1. spores ingested
  2. replicate in intestinal tract
  3. spread to LN
  4. disseminate through blood (septicemia)
  5. dark/red/black enlarged spleen, with unclotted blood
40
Q

What can be seen on impression smears of the spleen or blood in Anthrax?

A

intravascular free bacilli

41
Q

List 5 causes of diffuse firm enlargement of the spleen

A
  1. chronic IMHA
  2. diffuse granulomatous disease
  3. extramedullary hematopoiesis
  4. neoplasia
  5. storage disease/amyloidosis
42
Q

Recall 3 differentials for soft/bloody, nodules in the spleen

A
  1. acute infarcation
  2. hematoma
  3. hemangiosarcoma
  4. incomplete contraction
43
Q

What is the tumor cell type of hemangiosarcoma?

A

endothelial cells

44
Q

List 3 breeds that are commonly affected by hemangiosarcoma

A

Golden retrievers
german shepherds
Labs

45
Q

primary sites of hemangiosarcoma

A
  1. spleen (most common)
  2. right auricle of heart
  3. liver
46
Q

cause of death of hemangiosarcoma

A

hypovolemia

47
Q

List differentials for firm nodules in the spleen

A
  1. lymphoid nodular hyperplasia
  2. primary/metastatic neoplasia
  3. granulomas or abscessation
  4. extramedullary hematopoiesis
48
Q

Select at least 2 bacteria, fungal and protozoal diseases that can cause granulomatous or pyogranulomatous disease in the spleen

A

tularemia, mycobacteriosis
blastomycosis, histoplasmosis
toxoplasmosis, neosporosis

49
Q

cell origin of histiocytic sarcoma

A

splenic macrophage

50
Q

common tissues affected by histiocytic sarcoma

A

skin, LN, lung, meninges, BM, synovium

51
Q

common breeds affected by histiocytic sarcoma

A

Bernese mountain dog
golden retrievers
rottweilers
flat-coated retrievers

52
Q

What is the cell of origin of hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma?

A

macrophages in spleen and BM

53
Q

incidental finding in spleen with Rough brown to yellow plaques along the serosal surface

A

siderotic placques

54
Q

intestinal/enteric lymphangiectasia characteristics

A

chronic diarrhea, hypoproteinemia, hypocholesterolemia, lymphopenia, hypocalcemia
most common cause of PLE
results in edema, ascite, hydrothorax

55
Q

interstinal lipogranulomatous lymphangitis

A

chronic GI signs
inflam foreign body rxn
granulomatous inflam forming white masses on serosa of intestine/mesenteric fat

56
Q

List 4 causes of chylothorax

A

idiopathic (most common)
Trauma
congestive heart failure (cats>dogs)
chest tumors

57
Q

List 5 viruses that can injure lymphoid tissue

A

Parvovirus
Canine distemper virus
FIV
EHV-1
BVDV

58
Q

how is plague spread?

A

yersinia pestis
bubonic - rodent/flea
septicemic - skin wound
pneumonic - air droplets

59
Q

Name 2 causes of bacterial lymphadenitis in horses

A

Streptococcus equi equi “strangles”
Rhodococcus equi

60
Q

3 causes of bacterial lymphadenitis in cattle or sheep

A

johne’s
bovine TB
caseous lymphadenitis

61
Q

Johne’s Disease
cause
gross finding
stain used

A

mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis
chronic proliferative enteritis, enteritis and granulomatous lymphadenitis
acid-fast

62
Q

Bovine tuberculosis
cause
gross finding
how humans are affected

A

mycobacterium bovis
LN are necrotic, suppurative and abscessed
consuming raw milk or milk products

63
Q

Caseous Lymphadenitis
cause
gross findings
transmission

A

corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
purulent-inspissated with concentric laminations, internal abscessation and chronic wasting
horizontal - skin wounds then drains to LN and spreads to lymph/blood & flies

64
Q

cause of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome

A

porcine circovirus-2

65
Q

PCV-2 affect on thymus and lymph node

A

thymus – atrophy and granulomatous inflam

LN – lymphoid depletion with granulomatous inflam with multinucleated giant cells and cytoplasmic inclusion bodies

BOD III (14 decks)

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