Bone - congenital/developmental

Question 1

what is defined by abnormalities primarily affecting bone formation or remodeling, lethal or semi-lethal and primarily genetic

Answer 1

skeletal dysplasia

Question 2

classic clinical findings of skeletal dysplasia

Answer 2

short stature
abnormally shaped bones
increased bone fragility

Question 3

examples of localized skeletal dysplasia

Answer 3

brachygnathia inferior
brachygnathia superior
pectus excavatum
polymelia, hemimelia, amelia
syndactyly
polydatyly

Question 4

example of systemic skeletal dysplasia

Answer 4

chondrodysplasia (defective cartilage development)

Question 5

pathogenesis of chondrodysplasia

Answer 5

defective cartilage development = abnormal endochondral ossification = effects bone with growth plates = uncontrolled growth or disproportionate dwarfism

Question 6

what dog breeds have physiologic chondrodysplasia and what gene mutation

Answer 6

dachshund, basset hounds, corgis
mutation FGFR4

Question 7

bulldogs/french bulldogs have what gene mutation for chondrodysplasia

Answer 7

mutation BMP3

Question 8

chondrodysplasia in suffolk/hampshire sheep

Answer 8

spider lambs
FGFR3 point mutation

Question 9

cow with a board head, bugling eyes, short legs

Answer 9

snorter calves/brachycephalic cow
mild chondrodysplasia in a cow

Question 10

cow with short limbs, domed head, protruding tongue, cleft palate, abdominal hernia

Answer 10

bulldog calf
severe chondrodysplasia in a cow

Question 11

gross lesions associated with osteogenesis imperfecta and cause

Answer 11

increased bone fragility due to mutation in COL1A1/2

joint hypermotility
thin/fragile cortical bone
intrauterine fracture of ribs
loss of tooth dentin
thinned ocular sclera

Question 12

gross lesions associated with osteopetrosis & cause

Answer 12

due to osteoclastic dysfunction

increased bone fragility
long bone & vertebra are short
brachygnathism inferior & protruding tongue
marked thickening of the skull

Question 13

what disease is rare in young piglets and predominantly affects the forelimbs resulting in marked periosteal reaction with edema

Answer 13

congenital hyperostosis

Question 14

common causes of arthrogryposis

Answer 14

hereditary - angus, holsteins
viral - BVDV, cache valley, blue tongue
toxin - lupine - quinolizidine alkaloid

Question 15

what days of gestation does lupine toxicity cause crooked calf disease

Answer 15

day 40-80

Question 16

what breed is predisposed to craniomandibular osteopathy “lion jaw” and what structure is severely affected

Answer 16

west highland white terrier
tympanic bulla

Question 17

general cause of hypertrophic osteopathy (diffuse periosteal bone formation along diaphysis & metaphysis)

Answer 17

thoracic mass effect (neoplasia or infectious)

Question 18

pathogenesis of Legg-calve disease

Answer 18

avascular/ischemic necrosis of the femoral head
hereditary or traumatic

Question 19

breed signalment of Legg-calve disease

Answer 19

young small breed dogs like miniature poodles