Hemoflagellates Flashcards
What are parasites located in blood and tissue that move by means of flagella?
HEMOFLAGELLATES
Four Morphologic Forms of Hemoflagellates?
I. Amastigote
II. Promastigote
III. Epimastigote
IV. Trypomastigote
What is the MOT of hemoflagellates?
Bite of Arthropod Vector
What do you call the type of of hemaflagellates that best describe the ff:
I. Roundish to Oval
II. Contains a nucleus, a basal body structure called a blepharoplast and a small parabasal body
III. Dotlike blepharoblast gives rise to and is attached to an axoneme
IV. Kinetoplast is an umbrella term often used to refer
to the blepharoplast
and small parabasal body
Amastigote
What do you call the type of of hemaflagellates that best describe the ff:
I. Typical promastigote measures 9-15um
II. Large Single nucleus is located in or near the center of the long slender body
III. The Kinetoplast is located in the anterior end of the organism
IV. A single free flagellum extends anteriorly from the
axoneme
Promastigote
What do you call the type of of hemaflagellates that best describe the ff:
I. The body is slightly wider than that of the promastigote
II. Large single nucleus is located in the posterior end of the organism
III. Kinetoplast is located anterior to the nucleus
IV. An undulating membrane, measuring half the body length, forms into a free Flagellum at the anterior end of the epimastigote
Epimastigote
What do you call the type of of hemaflagellates that best describe the ff:
I. May often assume the shape of the letters C,S, or U in stained blood films
II. The long slender organism is characterized by a posteriorly located kinetoplast from which emerges a full body length undulating membrane
III. The single large nucleus is located anterior to the kinetoplast. An anterior free
flagellum may or may not be present
Trypomastigote
What is the vector for Genus Leishmania?
Sandfly “Phlebotomus”
Stages of Development for Leishmania?
I. Leishmania/ Amastigote Stage
II. Leptomonas/ Promastigote
What do you call the stage that lives intracellularly, oval shape, no flagellum, but with a nucleus and a kinetoplast?
Leishmania/ Amastigote stage
What do you call the stage that occurs in transmitting fly. Elongated with flagellum at the anterior end but no undulating membrane?
Leptomonas/ Promastigote stage
What are the causes of Leishmania braziliensis complex?
I. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
II. Chiclero Ulcer
III. Espundia
IV. Forest Yaws
What is the vector for Leishmania braziliensis complex?
Lutzmyia and Psychodopygus sandfly
What is the reservoir host of L. braziliensis?
Dogs and forest rodents
Geographic distribution of L. braziliensis complex
Mexico to Argentina
What are the causes of Leishmania donovi complex?
I. Visceral Leishmaniasis
II. Kala-Azar
III. Dum Dum Fever
What test should be required when testing for L. donovani complex?
Montenegro’s skin test
What are the vectors for L. donovani complex?
I. L. donovani chagasi (Lutzomyia sandfly)
II. L. donovani donovani (Phlebotomus sandfly)
III. L donovani infantum (Phlebotomus sandfly)
What are the vectors for L. donovani complex?
I. L. donovani chagasi (Lutzomyia sandfly)
II. L. donovani donovani (Phlebotomus sandfly)
III. L donovani infantum (Phlebotomus sandfly)
What is the reservoir hosts for L. donovani complex?
Dogs, cats, foxes
What are the causes of Leishmania mexicana complex?
I. New World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
II. Chiclero Ulcer
III. Bay Sore
What is the vector of L. mexicana complex?
Lutzomyia sandfly
Reservoir hosts for L. mexicana?
Forest rodents
What are the causes of Leishmania tropica complex?
I. Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis II. Oriental Sores III. Delhi Boils IV. Baghdad Boils V. Dry/Urban Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Vector of Leishmania tropica?
Phlebotomus sandfly
Reservoir hosts of L. tropica
Possibly dogs
What are the laboratory diagnosis for Leishmania?
I. Tissue Biopsy for Leishmania/Amastigote forms
II. Skin Biopsy (Bone Marrow, Spleen, Lymph Node Aspirates)
III. Serologic Tests
IV. Culture using Novy McNeal and Nicolle Media
V. Montenegro Intradermal Test (Cutaneous and Muco-cutaneous)
VI. Non-Specific tests like Napier’s Test and Chopra (IgM Demonstration)
What is the vector of Genus Trypanosomes?
Tsetse fly
What specie best describes the ff:
I. Occurs in the transmitting fly, changes into metacyclic trypanosome in the salivary glands
II. With free flagellum and undulating membrane originating anterior to the nucleus
Crithidia/ Epimastigote
What specie best describe the ff:
I. Stage that develops in man
II. With free flagellum and undulating
membrane originating posterior to the nucleus
Trypanosoma/ Trypomastigote
What are the causes of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense?
I. West African Sleeping Sickness
II. Gambian Trypanosomiasis
Where is T. b. gambiense is found?
I. Central and West Africa
Vector of T. b. gambiense?
Tsetse fly
What are the causes of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense?
I. East African Sleeping Sickness
II. Rhodesian Trypanosomiasis
Where is T. b. rhodesiense usually found?
Central and Eastern Africa
Vector of T. b. rhodesiense?
Glossina species
What specie describe the ff:
I. Chaga’s Disease
II. American Trypanosomiasis
III. Romana’s Sign / Chagoma -> Periorbital Swelling
Trypanosoma cruzi
Where is Trypanosoma cruzi usually found?
Central and South America
Vector of T. cruzi?
Reduviid Bug (Kissing Bug) à -> Panstrongylus megistus
What spp describe the ff:
I. No known associated disease
II. Known in the same location as with T. cruzi
Trypanosoma Rangeli
Vector of T. rangeli?
Rhodnius prolixus (Reduviid bug)
What is Laboratory Diagnosis for African Sleeping Sickness?
I. Identification of Trypanosome
- Fluid -> Bite Lesions (Early Disease)
- Buffy Coat in Blood (Febrile Phase)
- Thick and Thin Blood Smears
- Lymph Node Aspirate or CSF (Late Disease Stage)
- Serologic Tests like IHA, ELISA, IFAT
The diagnostic stage for Trypanosoma spp?
Trypomastigote
American trypanosomiasis is commonly referred to as?
Chaga’s disease
American trypanosomiasis is commonly referred to as?
Chagas’ disease
What organism is the causative agent of Baghdad boils?
Leishmania tropica
What organism is the causative agent of West African sleeping sickness?
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
Which of the ff best describes the geographic region in which Trypanosoma rangeli is found? A. Near East B. South and Central America C. Middle East D. Southeastern United States
South and Central America
The vector responsible for the transmission of chiclero ulcer?
Lutzomyia and Psychodopygus
Best description of Zymodeme analysis?
Analysis of the isoenzyme patterns of an organism
Winterbottom’s sign is associated with what type of hemoflagellates?
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
The reduviid bug is the vector for transmitting what parasite?
Trypanosoma cruzi
What organism causes the less aggressive form of sleeping sickness?
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense
