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Clinical Parasitology > Hemoflagellates > Flashcards

Hemoflagellates Flashcards

1
Q

What are parasites located in blood and tissue that move by means of flagella?

A

HEMOFLAGELLATES

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2
Q

Four Morphologic Forms of Hemoflagellates?

A

I. Amastigote
II. Promastigote
III. Epimastigote
IV. Trypomastigote

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3
Q

What is the MOT of hemoflagellates?

A

Bite of Arthropod Vector

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4
Q

What do you call the type of of hemaflagellates that best describe the ff:
I. Roundish to Oval
II. Contains a nucleus, a basal body structure called a blepharoplast and a small parabasal body
III. Dotlike blepharoblast gives rise to and is attached to an axoneme
IV. Kinetoplast is an umbrella term often used to refer
to the blepharoplast
and small parabasal body

A

Amastigote

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5
Q

What do you call the type of of hemaflagellates that best describe the ff:
I. Typical promastigote measures 9-15um
II. Large Single nucleus is located in or near the center of the long slender body
III. The Kinetoplast is located in the anterior end of the organism
IV. A single free flagellum extends anteriorly from the
axoneme

A

Promastigote

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6
Q

What do you call the type of of hemaflagellates that best describe the ff:
I. The body is slightly wider than that of the promastigote
II. Large single nucleus is located in the posterior end of the organism
III. Kinetoplast is located anterior to the nucleus
IV. An undulating membrane, measuring half the body length, forms into a free Flagellum at the anterior end of the epimastigote

A

Epimastigote

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7
Q

What do you call the type of of hemaflagellates that best describe the ff:
I. May often assume the shape of the letters C,S, or U in stained blood films
II. The long slender organism is characterized by a posteriorly located kinetoplast from which emerges a full body length undulating membrane
III. The single large nucleus is located anterior to the kinetoplast. An anterior free
flagellum may or may not be present

A

Trypomastigote

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8
Q

What is the vector for Genus Leishmania?

A

Sandfly “Phlebotomus”

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9
Q

Stages of Development for Leishmania?

A

I. Leishmania/ Amastigote Stage

II. Leptomonas/ Promastigote

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10
Q

What do you call the stage that lives intracellularly, oval shape, no flagellum, but with a nucleus and a kinetoplast?

A

Leishmania/ Amastigote stage

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11
Q

What do you call the stage that occurs in transmitting fly. Elongated with flagellum at the anterior end but no undulating membrane?

A

Leptomonas/ Promastigote stage

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12
Q

What are the causes of Leishmania braziliensis complex?

A

I. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
II. Chiclero Ulcer
III. Espundia
IV. Forest Yaws

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13
Q

What is the vector for Leishmania braziliensis complex?

A

Lutzmyia and Psychodopygus sandfly

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14
Q

What is the reservoir host of L. braziliensis?

A

Dogs and forest rodents

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15
Q

Geographic distribution of L. braziliensis complex

A

Mexico to Argentina

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16
Q

What are the causes of Leishmania donovi complex?

A

I. Visceral Leishmaniasis
II. Kala-Azar
III. Dum Dum Fever

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17
Q

What test should be required when testing for L. donovani complex?

A

Montenegro’s skin test

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18
Q

What are the vectors for L. donovani complex?

A

I. L. donovani chagasi (Lutzomyia sandfly)
II. L. donovani donovani (Phlebotomus sandfly)
III. L donovani infantum (Phlebotomus sandfly)

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18
Q

What are the vectors for L. donovani complex?

A

I. L. donovani chagasi (Lutzomyia sandfly)
II. L. donovani donovani (Phlebotomus sandfly)
III. L donovani infantum (Phlebotomus sandfly)

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19
Q

What is the reservoir hosts for L. donovani complex?

A

Dogs, cats, foxes

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20
Q

What are the causes of Leishmania mexicana complex?

A

I. New World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
II. Chiclero Ulcer
III. Bay Sore

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21
Q

What is the vector of L. mexicana complex?

A

Lutzomyia sandfly

22
Q

Reservoir hosts for L. mexicana?

A

Forest rodents

23
Q

What are the causes of Leishmania tropica complex?

A 
I. Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis 
II. Oriental Sores
III. Delhi Boils
IV. Baghdad Boils
V. Dry/Urban Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
24
Q

Vector of Leishmania tropica?

A

Phlebotomus sandfly

25
Q

Reservoir hosts of L. tropica

A

Possibly dogs

26
Q

What are the laboratory diagnosis for Leishmania?

A

I. Tissue Biopsy for Leishmania/Amastigote forms
II. Skin Biopsy (Bone Marrow, Spleen, Lymph Node Aspirates)
III. Serologic Tests
IV. Culture using Novy McNeal and Nicolle Media
V. Montenegro Intradermal Test (Cutaneous and Muco-cutaneous)
VI. Non-Specific tests like Napier’s Test and Chopra (IgM Demonstration)

27
Q

What is the vector of Genus Trypanosomes?

A

Tsetse fly

28
Q

What specie best describes the ff:
I. Occurs in the transmitting fly, changes into metacyclic trypanosome in the salivary glands
II. With free flagellum and undulating membrane originating anterior to the nucleus

A

Crithidia/ Epimastigote

29
Q

What specie best describe the ff:
I. Stage that develops in man
II. With free flagellum and undulating
membrane originating posterior to the nucleus

A

Trypanosoma/ Trypomastigote

30
Q

What are the causes of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense?

A

I. West African Sleeping Sickness

II. Gambian Trypanosomiasis

31
Q

Where is T. b. gambiense is found?

A

I. Central and West Africa

32
Q

Vector of T. b. gambiense?

A

Tsetse fly

33
Q

What are the causes of Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense?

A

I. East African Sleeping Sickness

II. Rhodesian Trypanosomiasis

34
Q

Where is T. b. rhodesiense usually found?

A

Central and Eastern Africa

35
Q

Vector of T. b. rhodesiense?

A

Glossina species

36
Q

What specie describe the ff:
I. Chaga’s Disease
II. American Trypanosomiasis
III. Romana’s Sign / Chagoma -> Periorbital Swelling

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

37
Q

Where is Trypanosoma cruzi usually found?

A

Central and South America

38
Q

Vector of T. cruzi?

A

Reduviid Bug (Kissing Bug) à -> Panstrongylus megistus

39
Q

What spp describe the ff:
I. No known associated disease
II. Known in the same location as with T. cruzi

A

Trypanosoma Rangeli

40
Q

Vector of T. rangeli?

A

Rhodnius prolixus (Reduviid bug)

41
Q

What is Laboratory Diagnosis for African Sleeping Sickness?

A

I. Identification of Trypanosome

  • Fluid -> Bite Lesions (Early Disease)
  • Buffy Coat in Blood (Febrile Phase)
  • Thick and Thin Blood Smears
  • Lymph Node Aspirate or CSF (Late Disease Stage)
  • Serologic Tests like IHA, ELISA, IFAT
42
Q

The diagnostic stage for Trypanosoma spp?

A

Trypomastigote

43
Q

American trypanosomiasis is commonly referred to as?

A

Chaga’s disease

44
Q

American trypanosomiasis is commonly referred to as?

A

Chagas’ disease

45
Q

What organism is the causative agent of Baghdad boils?

A

Leishmania tropica

46
Q

What organism is the causative agent of West African sleeping sickness?

A

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

47
Q 
Which of the ff best describes the geographic region in which Trypanosoma rangeli is found?
A. Near East
B. South and Central America
C. Middle East
D. Southeastern United States
A

South and Central America

48
Q

The vector responsible for the transmission of chiclero ulcer?

A

Lutzomyia and Psychodopygus

49
Q

Best description of Zymodeme analysis?

A

Analysis of the isoenzyme patterns of an organism

50
Q

Winterbottom’s sign is associated with what type of hemoflagellates?

A

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

51
Q

The reduviid bug is the vector for transmitting what parasite?

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

52
Q

What organism causes the less aggressive form of sleeping sickness?

A

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

Clinical Parasitology (8 decks)

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