Amebas/ Protozoa Flashcards
Unicellular protozoa and has pseudopods
Ameba
False feet
Pseudopods
Two forms of Ameba:
I. Trophozoites - feeds, multiplies, has pseudopods - replication occurs in this stage - Excystation - Encystation II. Cysts - non-feeding stage and has thick protective cell wall to protect
Conversion of cyst to trophozoite inside the ileocecal area of the intestine.
Excystation
Conversion of trophozoite to cyst. Occurs in the intestine when the environment is
unsuitable for replication
Encystation
What are the intestinal species of amebas?
Entamoeba histolytica Entamoeba hartmanni Entamoeba coli Entamoeba polecki Endolimax nana Iodamoeba butschlii
What are the extraintestinal species of amebas?
Entamoeba gingivalis
Naegleria fowleri
Acanthamoeba species
What are the characteristics of Entamoeba histolytica cyst?
I. 8-22 um
II. Shape: ___________
III. No. of nuclei is ______ (Usually __)
IV. Karyosome is ___ ____ ____(“Bull’s eye Karyosome”)
V. Peripheral chromatin: ____ ____ _____ distributed
VI. Cytoplasm: _____ Granular
VII. Cytoplasmic inclusions: Chromatoid Bar: _____ ends in young cysts
Diffuse glycogen mass in young cysts
II. Shape: Spherical to Round
III. No. of nuclei is 1-4 (Usually 4)
IV. Karyosome is Small and Central (“Bull’s eye Karyosome”)
V. Peripheral chromatin: Fine and evenly distributed
VI. Cytoplasm: Finely Granular
VII. Cytoplasmic inclusions: Chromatoid Bar: rounded ends in young cysts
Diffuse glycogen mass in young cysts
Common associated diseases for E. histolytica?
Intestinal Amoebiasis, Amoebic Colitis, Amoebic Dysentery, Extraintestinal amebiasis
What are the characteristics of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite?
I. 8-65 um
II. Motility: ______ , _____-like pseudopodia
III. No. of nuclei: ____
IV. Karyosome: ____ and ____ “Bull’s eye Karyosome”
V. Peripheral chromatin: Fine and evenly distributed
VI. Cytoplasm: Finely Granular
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: _____ Red Blood Cells
I. 8-65 um
II. Motility: Progressive, finger-like pseudopodia
III. No. of nuclei: ONE
IV. Karyosome: Small and Central “Bull’s eye Karyosome”
V. Peripheral chromatin: Fine and evenly distributed
VI. Cytoplasm: Finely Granular
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Ingested Red Blood Cells
What are the characteristics of Entamoeba hartmanni cyst?
I. 5-12 um
II. Shape: _______
III. No. of nuclei: _____ (Usually ____)
IV. Karyosome: _____ and ______
V. Peripheral Chromatin: _____ and ____ Distributed
VI. Cytoplasm: _____ Granular
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Chromatoid Bars: Rounded ends in young cysts
Diffuse glycogen mass in young cysts
I. 5-12 um II. Spherical III. No. of nuclei: 1-4 (Usually 2) IV. Karyosome: Small and Central V. Peripheral Chromatin: Fine and Evenly Distributed VI. Cytoplasm: Finely Granular VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Chromatoid Bars: Rounded ends in young cysts Diffuse glycogen mass in young cysts
Common associated diseases for E. hartmanni?
______ Amoebiasis, Amoebic _____, _____ Dysentery, _____ amebiasis
Intestinal Amoebiasis, Amoebic Colitis, Amoebic Dysentery, Extraintestinal amebiasis
What are the characteristics of Entamoeba hartmanni trophozoite?
I. 5-15um
II. Motility: ______, ____-like pseudopodia
III. No. of nuclei: ___
IV. Karyosome: ____ and ____
V. Peripheral Chromatin: ____ and ____ Distributed
VI. Cytoplasm: _____ Granular
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Ingested ____ may be present
I. 5-15um
II. Motility: Non- progressive, finger-like pseudopodia
III. No. of nuclei: ONE
IV. Karyosome: Small and Central
V. Peripheral Chromatin: Fine and Evenly Distributed
VI. Cytoplasm: Finely Granular
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Ingested Bacteria may be present
What are the characteristics of Entamoeba coli cyst?
I. 8-35um
II. _____ __ _____
III. No. of nuclei: ____ (Usually ___)
IV. Karyosome: ____, Irregular Shape, _____
V. Peripheral Chromatin: _____ distributed
VI: Cytoplasm: _____ and Granulated
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: ____ Chromatoid Bars: _____ to splintered ends
Diffuse glycogen mass present; may displace nuclei to ____ ends of cysts
I. 8-35um
II. Round to Spherical
III. No. of nuclei: 1-8 (Usually 8)
IV. Karyosome: Large, Irregular Shape, Eccentric
V. Peripheral Chromatin: Uneven distributed
VI: Cytoplasm: Coarse and Granulated
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Thin Chromatoid Bars: Pointed to splintered ends
Diffuse glycogen mass present; may displace nuclei to opposite ends of cysts
Common associated diseases for E. coli?
Intestinal Amoebiasis, Amoebic Colitis, Amoebic Dysentery, Extraintestinal amebiasis
What are the characteristics of Entamoeba coli trophozoite?
I. 12-55um
II. Motility: ______, ____ pseudopodia
III. No. of nuclei: _____
IV. Karyosome: Large, ________, Eccentric
V. Peripheral Chromatin: _____ distributed
VI. Cytoplasm: Coarse and ______
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: _____ containing bacteria often visible
I. 12-55um
II. Motility: Non- progressive, blunt pseudopodia
III. No. of nuclei: ONE
IV. Karyosome: Large, Irregular Shape, Eccentric
V. Peripheral Chromatin: Uneven distributed
VI. Cytoplasm: Coarse and Granulated
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Vacuoles containing bacteria often visible
What are the characteristics of E. polecki cyst?
I. 0-20um
II. _____ ___ ______
III. No. of nuclei: _____
IV. Karyosome: _____ and _____
V. Peripheral chromatin: ____ and ____ distributed
VI. Cytoplasm: _____
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Chromatoid Bars: ____ or pointed ends
Glycogen Mass (Inclusion Mass)
I. 0-20um II. Spherical or Oval III. No. of nuclei: One IV. Karyosome: Small and Central V. Peripheral chromatin: Fine and Evenly distributed VI. Cytoplasm: Granular VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Chromatoid Bars: Angular or pointed ends Glycogen Mass (Inclusion Mass)
Common associated diseases for E. polecki?
Nonpathogenic
What are the characteristics of E. polecki trophozoite?
I. 8-25um
II. Motility: Normal Stools: ______, Non- progressive
Diarrheal Stools: Progressive, ______
III. No. of nuclei: _____
IV. Karyosome: ____ and _____
V. Peripheral Chromatin: ____ and ___ distributed
VI. Cytoplasm: Granular and ______
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Ingested _____ and other food particles
I. 8-25um
II. Motility: Normal Stools: Sluggish, Non- progressive
Diarrheal Stools: Progressive, Unidirectional
III. No. of nuclei: ONE
IV. Karyosome: Small and Central
V. Peripheral Chromatin: Fine and Evenly distributed
VI. Cytoplasm: Granular and Vacuolated
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Ingested bacteria and other food particles
What are the characteristics of Endolimax nana cyst? I. 4-12um II. Spherical, Ovoid, \_\_\_\_\_\_ III. No. of nuclei: \_\_\_\_\_ (\_\_ usually) IV. Karyosome: Large, \_\_\_\_\_, central V. Peripheral chromatin: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ VI. Cytoplasm: \_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_ VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Chromatin Granules \_\_\_\_\_ small mass Diffuse Glycogen Mass in \_\_\_\_\_ cysts
I. 4-12um II. Spherical, Ovoid, Ellipsoid III. No. of nuclei: 1-4 (4 usually) IV. Karyosome: Large, Blotlike, central V. Peripheral chromatin: ABSENT VI. Cytoplasm: Granular and Vacuolated VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Chromatin Granules Nondescript small mass Diffuse Glycogen Mass in young cysts
Common associated diseases for E. nana?
Nonpathogenic
What are the characteristics of Endolimax nana trophozoite? I. 5-12um II. Motility: Sluggish, \_\_\_\_\_\_. Blunt Pseudopodia III. No. of nuclei: ONE IV. Karyosome: Large, Blotlike, \_\_\_\_\_\_ V. Peripheral chromatin: \_\_\_\_\_\_ VI. Cytoplasm: \_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: \_\_\_\_\_
I. 5-12um II. Motility: Sluggish, Non-Prog. Blunt Pseudopodia III. No. of nuclei: ONE IV. Karyosome: Large, Blotlike, central V. Peripheral chromatin: ABSENT VI. Cytoplasm: Granular and Vacuolated VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Bacteria
What are the characteristics of Iodamoeba butschlii cyst?
I. 5-22um
II. Ovoid, ______, can be ______ or other shapes
III. No. of nuclei: _____
IV. Karyosome: Large, Eccentric, _______ Granules on one side
V. Peripheral Chromatin: ______
VI. Cytoplasm: _______ Granulated and Vacuolated
VI. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Well-defined _______ ____
______ may be present
I. 5-22um
II. Ovoid, Ellipsoid, can be triangular or other shapes
III. No. of nuclei: One
IV. Karyosome: Large, Eccentric, Achromatic Granules on one side
V. Peripheral Chromatin: ABSENT
VI. Cytoplasm: Coarsely Granulated and Vacuolated
VI. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Well-defined Glycogen Mass
Granules may be present
Common associated diseases for I. butschlii?
Nonpathogenic
What are the characteristics of Iodamoeba butschlii trophozoite?
I. 8-22um
II. Motility: _____, usually _____
III. No. of nuclei: ______
IV. Karyosome: Large, usually central _____ achromatic
________ may or may not be present
V. Peripheral Chromatin: ________
VI. Cytoplasm: ______ ______ and Vacuolated
VII. Cytoplasmic inclusions: _____ _____ ____ Other Debris
I. 8-22um
II. Motility: Sluggish, usually prog.
III. No. of nuclei: ONE
IV. Karyosome: Large, usually central refractive achromatic
Granules may or may not be present
V. Peripheral Chromatin: ABSENT
VI. Cytoplasm: Coarsely Granulated and Vacuolated
VII. Cytoplasmic inclusions: Bacteria Yeast Cells Other Debris
Common associated disease for E. gingivalis?
Nonpathogenic
What are the characteristics of Entamoeba gingivalis trophozoite?
I. 8-20um
II. Motility: ______, varying pseudopod look
III. No. of nuclei: _____
IV. Karyosome: ______ Located
V. Peripheral Chromatin: ______ Granular
VI. Cytoplasm: ______ and _____ Distributed
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: _______ Epithelial Cells Bacteria RBC’s
I. 8-20um
II. Motility: Active, varying pseudopod look
III. No. of nuclei: ONE
IV. Karyosome: Centrally Located
V. Peripheral Chromatin: Finely Granular
VI. Cytoplasm: Fine and Evenly Distributed
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Leukocytes Epithelial Cells Bacteria RBC’s
What are the characteristics of Acanthamoeba species cyst?
I. 8-25um
II. Shape: _______ with _____ Edges
III. No. of nuclei: ____
IV. Karyosome: ____ and _____
V. Peripheral Chromatin: ______
VI. Cytoplasm: _______, granular, and sometimes vacuolated
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: _______, smooth inner cell wall, jagged cell wall
I. 8-25um
II. Roundish with Ragged Edges
III. No. of nuclei: One
IV. Karyosome: Large and Central
V. Peripheral Chromatin: ABSENT
VI. Cytoplasm: Disorganized, granular, and sometimes vacuolated
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Double Cell Wall, smooth inner cell wall, jagged cell wall
Common associated disease for Acanthamoeba spp?
Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE), Acanthamoeba keratitis
What are the characteristics of Acanthamoeba species trophozoite? I. 12-45 um II. Motility: \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_-like pseudopods III. No. of nuclei: \_\_\_\_\_ IV. Karyosome: \_\_\_\_\_ V. Peripheral Chromatin: \_\_\_\_\_ VI. Cytoplasm: Granular and \_\_\_\_ VII: Cytoplasmic incl.: NO INFO.
I. 12-45 um II. Motility: Sluggish, spine-like pseudopods III. No. of nuclei: ONE IV. Karyosome: Large V. Peripheral Chromatin: ABSENT VI. Cytoplasm: Granular and vacuolated VII: Cytoplasmic incl.: NO INFO.
What are the characteristics of Naegleria fowleri cyst?
-Found in warm waters
I. Flagella Form: ____-Shaped; ______ Moving or Spinning; Granular Cytoplasm
Large Central Karyosome (w/o Peripheral Chromatin)
II. Cyst size: 9-12um
III. Cyst shape: ____ and _____ cell walls
IV. No. of nucleus in cyst: ___ Nucleus
V. Karyosome in cyst form: Large, ____ located
*___ Peripheral Chromatin
VI. Cytoplasm in cyst form: Granular and often contain _____
I. Flagella Form: Pear-Shaped
Jerky Moving or Spinning
Granular Cytoplasm
Large Central Karyosome (w/o Peripheral Chromatin)
II. Cyst size: 9-12um
III. Cyst shape: Round and Thick cell walls
IV. No. of nucleus in cyst: One Nucleus
V. Karyosome in cyst form: Large, Central located
*No Peripheral Chromatin
VI. Cytoplasm in cyst form: Granular and often contain vacuoles
Common associated disease for N. fowleri?
Primary amebic meningocephalitis (PAM)
What are the characteristics of Naegleria fowleri trophozoite? I. 8-22um II. Motility: \_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_ pseudopods III. No. of nuclei: \_\_\_\_ IV: Karyosome: \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_ located V. Peripheral Chromatin: \_\_\_\_\_ VI. Cytoplasm: Granular, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ usually VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: NO INFO.
I. 8-22um II. Motility: Sluglike, blunt pseudopods III. No. of nuclei: ONE IV: Karyosome: Large, Centrally located V. Peripheral Chromatin: ABSENT VI. Cytoplasm: Granular, vacuolated usually VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: NO INFO.
In acanthamoeba spp, what species are both associated with both CNS and Eye infection?
I. A. castellani
II. A. culbertsoni
III. A. rhysodes
