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Clinical Parasitology > Amebas/ Protozoa > Flashcards

Amebas/ Protozoa Flashcards

1
Q

Unicellular protozoa and has pseudopods

A

Ameba

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2
Q

False feet

A

Pseudopods

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3
Q

Two forms of Ameba:

A 
I. Trophozoites
- feeds, multiplies, has pseudopods
- replication occurs in this stage
- Excystation
- Encystation
II. Cysts
- non-feeding stage and has thick protective cell wall to protect
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4
Q

Conversion of cyst to trophozoite inside the ileocecal area of the intestine.

A

Excystation

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5
Q

Conversion of trophozoite to cyst. Occurs in the intestine when the environment is
unsuitable for replication

A

Encystation

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6
Q

What are the intestinal species of amebas?

A 
Entamoeba histolytica
Entamoeba hartmanni 
Entamoeba coli
Entamoeba polecki
Endolimax nana
Iodamoeba butschlii
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7
Q

What are the extraintestinal species of amebas?

A

Entamoeba gingivalis
Naegleria fowleri
Acanthamoeba species

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of Entamoeba histolytica cyst?
I. 8-22 um
II. Shape: ___________
III. No. of nuclei is ______ (Usually __)
IV. Karyosome is ___ ____ ____(“Bull’s eye Karyosome”)
V. Peripheral chromatin: ____ ____ _____ distributed
VI. Cytoplasm: _____ Granular
VII. Cytoplasmic inclusions: Chromatoid Bar: _____ ends in young cysts
Diffuse glycogen mass in young cysts

A

II. Shape: Spherical to Round
III. No. of nuclei is 1-4 (Usually 4)
IV. Karyosome is Small and Central (“Bull’s eye Karyosome”)
V. Peripheral chromatin: Fine and evenly distributed
VI. Cytoplasm: Finely Granular
VII. Cytoplasmic inclusions: Chromatoid Bar: rounded ends in young cysts
Diffuse glycogen mass in young cysts

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9
Q

Common associated diseases for E. histolytica?

A

Intestinal Amoebiasis, Amoebic Colitis, Amoebic Dysentery, Extraintestinal amebiasis

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10
Q

What are the characteristics of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite?
I. 8-65 um
II. Motility: ______ , _____-like pseudopodia
III. No. of nuclei: ____
IV. Karyosome: ____ and ____ “Bull’s eye Karyosome”
V. Peripheral chromatin: Fine and evenly distributed
VI. Cytoplasm: Finely Granular
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: _____ Red Blood Cells

A

I. 8-65 um
II. Motility: Progressive, finger-like pseudopodia
III. No. of nuclei: ONE
IV. Karyosome: Small and Central “Bull’s eye Karyosome”
V. Peripheral chromatin: Fine and evenly distributed
VI. Cytoplasm: Finely Granular
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Ingested Red Blood Cells

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of Entamoeba hartmanni cyst?
I. 5-12 um
II. Shape: _______
III. No. of nuclei: _____ (Usually ____)
IV. Karyosome: _____ and ______
V. Peripheral Chromatin: _____ and ____ Distributed
VI. Cytoplasm: _____ Granular
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Chromatoid Bars: Rounded ends in young cysts
Diffuse glycogen mass in young cysts

A 
I. 5-12 um
II. Spherical
III. No. of nuclei: 1-4 (Usually 2)
IV. Karyosome: Small and Central
V. Peripheral Chromatin: Fine and Evenly Distributed
VI. Cytoplasm: Finely Granular
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Chromatoid Bars: Rounded ends in young cysts
Diffuse glycogen mass in young cysts
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12
Q

Common associated diseases for E. hartmanni?

______ Amoebiasis, Amoebic _____, _____ Dysentery, _____ amebiasis

A

Intestinal Amoebiasis, Amoebic Colitis, Amoebic Dysentery, Extraintestinal amebiasis

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of Entamoeba hartmanni trophozoite?
I. 5-15um
II. Motility: ______, ____-like pseudopodia
III. No. of nuclei: ___
IV. Karyosome: ____ and ____
V. Peripheral Chromatin: ____ and ____ Distributed
VI. Cytoplasm: _____ Granular
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Ingested ____ may be present

A

I. 5-15um
II. Motility: Non- progressive, finger-like pseudopodia
III. No. of nuclei: ONE
IV. Karyosome: Small and Central
V. Peripheral Chromatin: Fine and Evenly Distributed
VI. Cytoplasm: Finely Granular
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Ingested Bacteria may be present

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13
Q

What are the characteristics of Entamoeba coli cyst?
I. 8-35um
II. _____ __ _____
III. No. of nuclei: ____ (Usually ___)
IV. Karyosome: ____, Irregular Shape, _____
V. Peripheral Chromatin: _____ distributed
VI: Cytoplasm: _____ and Granulated
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: ____ Chromatoid Bars: _____ to splintered ends
Diffuse glycogen mass present; may displace nuclei to ____ ends of cysts

A

I. 8-35um
II. Round to Spherical
III. No. of nuclei: 1-8 (Usually 8)
IV. Karyosome: Large, Irregular Shape, Eccentric
V. Peripheral Chromatin: Uneven distributed
VI: Cytoplasm: Coarse and Granulated
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Thin Chromatoid Bars: Pointed to splintered ends
Diffuse glycogen mass present; may displace nuclei to opposite ends of cysts

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14
Q

Common associated diseases for E. coli?

A

Intestinal Amoebiasis, Amoebic Colitis, Amoebic Dysentery, Extraintestinal amebiasis

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of Entamoeba coli trophozoite?
I. 12-55um
II. Motility: ______, ____ pseudopodia
III. No. of nuclei: _____
IV. Karyosome: Large, ________, Eccentric
V. Peripheral Chromatin: _____ distributed
VI. Cytoplasm: Coarse and ______
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: _____ containing bacteria often visible

A

I. 12-55um
II. Motility: Non- progressive, blunt pseudopodia
III. No. of nuclei: ONE
IV. Karyosome: Large, Irregular Shape, Eccentric
V. Peripheral Chromatin: Uneven distributed
VI. Cytoplasm: Coarse and Granulated
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Vacuoles containing bacteria often visible

16
Q

What are the characteristics of E. polecki cyst?
I. 0-20um
II. _____ ___ ______
III. No. of nuclei: _____
IV. Karyosome: _____ and _____
V. Peripheral chromatin: ____ and ____ distributed
VI. Cytoplasm: _____
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Chromatoid Bars: ____ or pointed ends
Glycogen Mass (Inclusion Mass)

A 
I. 0-20um
II. Spherical or Oval
III. No. of nuclei: One
IV. Karyosome: Small and Central
V. Peripheral chromatin: Fine and Evenly distributed
VI. Cytoplasm: Granular
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Chromatoid Bars: Angular or pointed ends
Glycogen Mass (Inclusion Mass)
17
Q

Common associated diseases for E. polecki?

A

Nonpathogenic

18
Q

What are the characteristics of E. polecki trophozoite?
I. 8-25um
II. Motility: Normal Stools: ______, Non- progressive
Diarrheal Stools: Progressive, ______
III. No. of nuclei: _____
IV. Karyosome: ____ and _____
V. Peripheral Chromatin: ____ and ___ distributed
VI. Cytoplasm: Granular and ______
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Ingested _____ and other food particles

A

I. 8-25um
II. Motility: Normal Stools: Sluggish, Non- progressive
Diarrheal Stools: Progressive, Unidirectional
III. No. of nuclei: ONE
IV. Karyosome: Small and Central
V. Peripheral Chromatin: Fine and Evenly distributed
VI. Cytoplasm: Granular and Vacuolated
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Ingested bacteria and other food particles

19
Q 
What are the characteristics of Endolimax nana cyst?
I. 4-12um
II. Spherical, Ovoid, \_\_\_\_\_\_
III. No. of nuclei: \_\_\_\_\_ (\_\_ usually)
IV. Karyosome: Large, \_\_\_\_\_, central
V. Peripheral chromatin: \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
VI.  Cytoplasm: \_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Chromatin Granules
\_\_\_\_\_ small mass
Diffuse Glycogen Mass in \_\_\_\_\_ cysts
A 
I. 4-12um
II. Spherical, Ovoid, Ellipsoid
III. No. of nuclei: 1-4 (4 usually)
IV. Karyosome: Large, Blotlike, central
V. Peripheral chromatin: ABSENT
VI.  Cytoplasm: Granular and Vacuolated
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Chromatin Granules
Nondescript small mass
Diffuse Glycogen Mass in young cysts
20
Q

Common associated diseases for E. nana?

A

Nonpathogenic

21
Q 
What are the characteristics of Endolimax nana trophozoite?
I. 5-12um
II. Motility: Sluggish, \_\_\_\_\_\_. Blunt Pseudopodia
III. No. of nuclei: ONE
IV. Karyosome: Large, Blotlike, \_\_\_\_\_\_
V. Peripheral chromatin: \_\_\_\_\_\_
VI. Cytoplasm: \_\_\_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: \_\_\_\_\_
A 
I. 5-12um
II. Motility: Sluggish, Non-Prog. Blunt Pseudopodia
III. No. of nuclei: ONE
IV. Karyosome: Large, Blotlike, central
V. Peripheral chromatin: ABSENT
VI. Cytoplasm: Granular and Vacuolated
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Bacteria
22
Q

What are the characteristics of Iodamoeba butschlii cyst?
I. 5-22um
II. Ovoid, ______, can be ______ or other shapes
III. No. of nuclei: _____
IV. Karyosome: Large, Eccentric, _______ Granules on one side
V. Peripheral Chromatin: ______
VI. Cytoplasm: _______ Granulated and Vacuolated
VI. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Well-defined _______ ____
______ may be present

A

I. 5-22um
II. Ovoid, Ellipsoid, can be triangular or other shapes
III. No. of nuclei: One
IV. Karyosome: Large, Eccentric, Achromatic Granules on one side
V. Peripheral Chromatin: ABSENT
VI. Cytoplasm: Coarsely Granulated and Vacuolated
VI. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Well-defined Glycogen Mass
Granules may be present

23
Q

Common associated diseases for I. butschlii?

A

Nonpathogenic

24
Q

What are the characteristics of Iodamoeba butschlii trophozoite?
I. 8-22um
II. Motility: _____, usually _____
III. No. of nuclei: ______
IV. Karyosome: Large, usually central _____ achromatic
________ may or may not be present
V. Peripheral Chromatin: ________
VI. Cytoplasm: ______ ______ and Vacuolated
VII. Cytoplasmic inclusions: _____ _____ ____ Other Debris

A

I. 8-22um
II. Motility: Sluggish, usually prog.
III. No. of nuclei: ONE
IV. Karyosome: Large, usually central refractive achromatic
Granules may or may not be present
V. Peripheral Chromatin: ABSENT
VI. Cytoplasm: Coarsely Granulated and Vacuolated
VII. Cytoplasmic inclusions: Bacteria Yeast Cells Other Debris

25
Q

Common associated disease for E. gingivalis?

A

Nonpathogenic

26
Q

What are the characteristics of Entamoeba gingivalis trophozoite?
I. 8-20um
II. Motility: ______, varying pseudopod look
III. No. of nuclei: _____
IV. Karyosome: ______ Located
V. Peripheral Chromatin: ______ Granular
VI. Cytoplasm: ______ and _____ Distributed
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: _______ Epithelial Cells Bacteria RBC’s

A

I. 8-20um
II. Motility: Active, varying pseudopod look
III. No. of nuclei: ONE
IV. Karyosome: Centrally Located
V. Peripheral Chromatin: Finely Granular
VI. Cytoplasm: Fine and Evenly Distributed
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Leukocytes Epithelial Cells Bacteria RBC’s

27
Q

What are the characteristics of Acanthamoeba species cyst?
I. 8-25um
II. Shape: _______ with _____ Edges
III. No. of nuclei: ____
IV. Karyosome: ____ and _____
V. Peripheral Chromatin: ______
VI. Cytoplasm: _______, granular, and sometimes vacuolated
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: _______, smooth inner cell wall, jagged cell wall

A

I. 8-25um
II. Roundish with Ragged Edges
III. No. of nuclei: One
IV. Karyosome: Large and Central
V. Peripheral Chromatin: ABSENT
VI. Cytoplasm: Disorganized, granular, and sometimes vacuolated
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: Double Cell Wall, smooth inner cell wall, jagged cell wall

28
Q

Common associated disease for Acanthamoeba spp?

A

Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE), Acanthamoeba keratitis

29
Q 
What are the characteristics of Acanthamoeba species trophozoite?
I. 12-45 um
II. Motility: \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_\_-like pseudopods
III. No. of nuclei: \_\_\_\_\_
IV. Karyosome: \_\_\_\_\_
V. Peripheral Chromatin: \_\_\_\_\_
VI. Cytoplasm: Granular and \_\_\_\_
VII: Cytoplasmic incl.: NO INFO.
A 
I. 12-45 um
II. Motility: Sluggish, spine-like pseudopods
III. No. of nuclei: ONE
IV. Karyosome: Large
V. Peripheral Chromatin: ABSENT
VI. Cytoplasm: Granular and vacuolated
VII: Cytoplasmic incl.: NO INFO.
30
Q

What are the characteristics of Naegleria fowleri cyst?
-Found in warm waters
I. Flagella Form: ____-Shaped; ______ Moving or Spinning; Granular Cytoplasm
Large Central Karyosome (w/o Peripheral Chromatin)
II. Cyst size: 9-12um
III. Cyst shape: ____ and _____ cell walls
IV. No. of nucleus in cyst: ___ Nucleus
V. Karyosome in cyst form: Large, ____ located
*___ Peripheral Chromatin
VI. Cytoplasm in cyst form: Granular and often contain _____

A

I. Flagella Form: Pear-Shaped
Jerky Moving or Spinning
Granular Cytoplasm
Large Central Karyosome (w/o Peripheral Chromatin)
II. Cyst size: 9-12um
III. Cyst shape: Round and Thick cell walls
IV. No. of nucleus in cyst: One Nucleus
V. Karyosome in cyst form: Large, Central located
*No Peripheral Chromatin
VI. Cytoplasm in cyst form: Granular and often contain vacuoles

31
Q

Common associated disease for N. fowleri?

A

Primary amebic meningocephalitis (PAM)

32
Q 
What are the characteristics of Naegleria fowleri trophozoite?
I. 8-22um
II. Motility: \_\_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_ pseudopods
III. No. of nuclei: \_\_\_\_
IV: Karyosome: \_\_\_\_\_, \_\_\_\_ located
V. Peripheral Chromatin: \_\_\_\_\_
VI. Cytoplasm: Granular, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ usually
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: NO INFO.
A 
I. 8-22um
II. Motility: Sluglike, blunt pseudopods
III. No. of nuclei: ONE
IV: Karyosome: Large, Centrally located
V. Peripheral Chromatin: ABSENT
VI. Cytoplasm: Granular, vacuolated usually
VII. Cytoplasmic Inclusions: NO INFO.
33
Q

In acanthamoeba spp, what species are both associated with both CNS and Eye infection?

A

I. A. castellani
II. A. culbertsoni
III. A. rhysodes

Clinical Parasitology (8 decks)

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