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Clinical Parasitology > Cestodes > Flashcards

Cestodes Flashcards

1
Q

I. Flat or ribbon-like appearance
I. Has 3 Life Cycle (Egg, Larval stage, Adult)
III. Hermaphroditic
IV. No circulatory system
V. Digestive tract is absent
VI. All are heteroxenous (Requires one intermediate host)
*EXCEPT for Hymenolepis nana because it can complete its cycle in a single hostàAuto-reinfection is known in the life cycle of H. nana

A

Cestodes

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2
Q

What is also known as oncosphere?

A

Hexacanth embryo

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3
Q

It is motile, first larval stage with six small hooks (hooklets)

A

Oncosphere

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4
Q

What is the Infective stage for cestodes?

A

Ingestion of egg or larval stage

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5
Q

What is the Diagnostic stage for cestodes?

A

Larval form in stool specimen

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6
Q

Both male and female reproductive system appear in mature proglottid. This is also known as self-fertilizing

A

Hermaphroditic

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7
Q

What are the Intestinal species in Class Cestoda? (TTHHDD)

A 
I. Taenia saginata
II. Taenia solium
III. Hymenelopis diminuta
IV. Hymenolopis nana
V. Dipylidium caninum
VI. Diphyllobothrium latum
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8
Q

Intestinal-extraintestinal species in Class Cestoda?

A

Echinococcus granulosus

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9
Q

Tapeworm body consists of:

A

I. Scolex/Head
II. Neck
III. Segments/Proglottids

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10
Q
  • Organ adapted for attachment, the anterior end.
  • Typical globular scolex has four-cup shaped suckers that gives ability to attach to the intestinal mucosa
  • May have rostellum and hooklets.
A

Scolex/Head

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11
Q

Fleshy extension of the scolex and can have one

or two rows of hooks

A

Rostellum

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12
Q

What are the species with Globular Scolex w/ Hooklets?

A

I. Taenia solium
II. Hymenolepis nana
III. Dipylidium caninum
IV. Echinococcus granulosus

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13
Q

What are the species with Globular Scolex w/o Hooklets?

A

I. Taenia saginata

II. Hymenolopis diminuta

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14
Q

Spatulate Scolex that has 2 False suckers with Bothria?

A

Diphyllobothrium latum

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15
Q

Budding zone consisting of germinative tissues

A

NECK

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16
Q

Chain of segments

A

Strobila

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17
Q

Chain of segments

A

Strobila

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18
Q

Segments detach or rupture with mature eggs inside

A

Apolytic

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19
Q

Segments detach after eggs are exhausted.

A

Anapolytic

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20
Q

Region immediately posterior to the neck

A

Immature

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21
Q

Constitute the middle part

A

Mature

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22
Q

Terminal portion of the

strobila, farthest point away from the scolex

A

Gravid/ Ripe

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23
Q

What are the two classes of tapeworms?

A

I. Pseudophyllidean

II. Cyclophillidean

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24
Q

What best describes the ff characteristics:
I. Scolex with bothria, with or without hookers but never has suckers
II. Neck is present or absent
III. Anapolytic Proglottids
IV. Genital pore is laterally located
V. Uterine pore is dorsal or ventrally located

A

Pseudophyllidean

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25
Q 
What best describes the ff characteristics?
I. Scolex with 4 suckers
II. Neck is present or absent
III. Apolytic Proglottids 
IV. Genital pore is laterally located
V. No Uterine pore
A

Cyclophillidean

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26
Q

What is the morphology of egg Taenia solium and Taenia saginata?
I. INDISTINGUISHABLE between Solium
and Saginata
II. Size: 28-40 um
III. Hooklets: _____ pairs, hexacanth embryo
IV. Features: Radial striations on ______ brown embryophore

A

I. INDISTINGUISHABLE between Solium
and Saginata
II. Size: 28-40 um
III. Hooklets: Three pairs, hexacanth embryo
IV. Features: Radial striations on yellow brown embryophore

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27
Q 
What spp best describes the ff characteristics: 
I. Cyclophyllidean 
II. Pork Tapeworm
III. Cystecercus cellulosae 
IV. IH: Swine / hogs
V. DH: Man
VI. 4 suckers; Has Rostellum; Has Hooks (Double Crown); 1-2 mm
VII:  Average No. of Proglottids: 898
7-15 lateral branches on each side
Somewhat square
A

Taenia solium

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28
Q 
What spp best describes the ff characteristics: 
I. Cyclophillidean 
II. Beef / Unarmed Tapeworm 
III. Cystecercus bovis
IV: IH: Cows / Cattles
V. DH: Man
VI. 4 suckers
No Rostellum No Hooks 1-2 mm
VII. Average No. of Proglottids: 898
7-15 lateral branches on each side
Somewhat square
A

Taenia saginata

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29
Q

What is the Infective stage of Hymenolepis diminuta and nana?

A

Ingestion of Embryonated egg from contaminated food or water

30
Q

What is the Diagnostic stage of Hymenolepis diminuta and nana?

A

Embryonated egg in Stool

31
Q

Average Size: 55-85 um Hooklets: Three pairs, hexacanth embryo
Polar Thickenings: Present Polar Filaments: Absent Embryophore: Colorless, Present

A

Hymenolepis diminuta

32
Q

Average Size:45-38 um Hooklets: Three pairs, hexacanth embryo
Polar Thickenings: Present Polar Filaments: Present Embryophore: Colorless, Present

A

Hymenolepis nana

33
Q

Classification of H. diminuta?

A

Cyclophillidean

34
Q

Classification of H. nana?

A

Cyclophillidean

35
Q

Common name of H. diminuta?

A

Rat Tapeworm

36
Q

Common name of H. nana?

A

Dwarf Tapeworm

37
Q

Larval stage of H. diminuta?

A

Cysticercoid

38
Q

Larval stage of H. nana?

A

Cysticercoid

39
Q

What is the intermediate host of H. diminuta?

A

Fleas / Cockroaches

40
Q

The intermediate host of H. nana?

A

None

41
Q

Definite host of H. diminuta?

A

Rat / Rarely Man

42
Q

Definite host of H. nana?

A

Man/ Rat

43
Q

Scolices for H. diminuta

A

4 suckers
Small Rostellum
No Hooks
Protruding from Anterior

44
Q

Scolices for H. nana

A

4 suckers
Short Rostellum
Has row of hooks in Rostellum

45
Q

Gravid ploglottids of H. diminuta

A

Typically, rectangular (1x2mm)

Hermaphroditic Saclike uterus filled with eggs

46
Q

Gravid ploglottids of H. nana

A
  • Resemble those of H. Diminuta both in size and appearance

- Saclike uterus filled with eggs

47
Q

What is the classification of Dipylidium caninum?

A

Cyclophillidean

48
Q

What is the common name of Dipylidium caninum?

A

Dog or Cat Tapeworm /

Pumpkin Seed tapeworm

49
Q

Larval stage of D. caninum?

A

Cysticercoid

50
Q

Intermediate host of D. caninum

A

Dog fleas / Human Fleas

51
Q

Definitive host of D. caninum

A

Dog / Rarely man

52
Q

What is the morphology of egg in Dypilidium caninum?
I. No. of Eggs Packet: 5-30 eggs
II. Diameter: 30-60 um
III. Features: ____ hooked Oncosphere

A

I. No. of Eggs Packet: 5-30 eggs
II. Diameter: 30-60 um
III. Features: Six hooked Oncosphere

53
Q 
What is the morphology of adult in Dypilidium caninum?
I. Scolex:
-\_\_\_\_\_\_ Suckers
-Has a \_\_\_\_-shaped rostellum with one to seven circlets of spines
-No Hooks
II. Gravid Proglottid
-Has a shape of a \_\_\_\_\_ seed
-Full of eggs enclosed in
embryonic membrane
A 
I. Scolex:
-Four Suckers
-Has a club-shaped rostellum with one to seven circlets of spines
-No Hooks
II. Gravid Proglottid
-Has a shape of a pumpkin seed
-Full of eggs enclosed in
embryonic membrane
54
Q

What is the Classification of Diphyllobothrium latum?

A

Pseudophyllidean

55
Q

Common name of Diphyllobothrium latum?

A

Fish broad / Broad Russian

tapeworm

56
Q

Larval stage of D. latum?

A

Plerocercoid larva

57
Q

Intermediate host of Diphyllobothrium latum?

A

I. 1st Intermediate: Copepods (Cyclops/Diaptomus)

II. 2nd Intermediate: Fishes (Pike/Eel/Trout)

58
Q

Definitive host of D. latum

A

Man

59
Q

Diagnostic stage of D. latum?

A

Embryonated egg in stool

of definitive host

60
Q

Infective stage of D. latum?

A

Predator fish, Plerocercoid

invades tissue

61
Q 
Morpholohy of egg of D. latum?
I. Size: 55-75um long x 40-55um wide 
Shape: \_\_\_\_\_-like
II. Embryo: Undeveloped, called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
III. Shell: Smooth, yellow \_\_\_\_\_\_ color
IV. Features: \_\_\_\_\_ on one end, terminal knob on opposite end (Abopercular Knob)
A

I. Size: 55-75um long x 40-55um wide o Shape: Oblong-like
II. Embryo: Undeveloped, called coracidium
III. Shell: Smooth, yellow brown color
IV. Features: Operculum on one end, terminal knob on opposite end (Abopercular Knob)

62
Q

Morphology of the adult worm of D. latum?

A 
I. Scolex:
-Almond Shaped,
-Contains two-long prominent, sucking groves
II. Gravid Proglottid:
-Has wider than long shape
-Central uterine location, has
a rosette formation
63
Q

Classification of Echinococcus granulosus?

A

Cyclophilidean

64
Q

Common name for E. granulosus

A

Hydatidworm / Dog

Tapeworm

65
Q

The larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus?

A

Hydatid Cyst

66
Q

The Intermediate host of Echinococcus granulosus?

A

I. Sheep/Hogs

II. Man is accidental

67
Q

The Definitive host of Echinococcus granulosus?

A

Dogs, Foxes/Wolves

68
Q

The Infective stage of Echinococcus granulosus?

A

Eggs in feces

69
Q

The Diagnostic stage of Echinococcus granulosus?

A

Hydatid Cysts in Lung and

Liver

70
Q

MORPHOLOGY OF HYDATID CYST (E. granulosus)
I. INDISTINGUISHABLE from ______ species eggs
II. ______ CYST found in tissue
III. Protective Coverings: ___ wall, multiple laminated germinal tissue layers
IV. Basic Cyst Makeup: Fluid-filled
bladder
V. Structures that arise: ______ Cysts
VI. In Inner Germinal Layer: ______ Capsule
VII. Other Present Structures: Hydatid Sand (Daughter cysts, free solices, hooklets, and miscellaneous materials may evolve in this part)

A

I. INDISTINGUISHABLE from Taenia species eggs
II. HYDATID CYST found in tissue
III. Protective Coverings: Cyst wall, multiple laminated germinal tissue layers
IV. Basic Cyst Makeup: Fluid-filled
bladder
V. Structures that arise: Daughter Cysts
VI. In Inner Germinal Layer: Brood Capsule
VII. Other Present Structures: Hydatid Sand (Daughter cysts, free solices, hooklets, and miscellaneous materials may evolve in this part)

71
Q

MORPHOLOGY OF ADULT WORM (E. granulosus)
I. _________ of all the Cestodes (4.5mm)
II. Has _____, small neck, three proglottids
III. Has four _____ and 36 hooks
IV. Has only three segments: (Immature, Mature, Gravid)
V. Rare in man, common in _____

A

I. SHORTEST of all the Cestodes (4.5mm)
II. Has scolex, small neck, three proglottids
III. Has four suckers and 36 hooks
IV. Has only three segments: (Immature, Mature, Gravid)
V. Rare in man, common in dogs

Clinical Parasitology (8 decks)

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