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Clinical Parasitology > Filariae > Flashcards

Filariae Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the filariae adult worms live?

A

Tissue or Lymphatic system

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2
Q

Two known morphologic forms of Filariae?

A
  1. Adult worms

2. Larva Stage: Microfilaria

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3
Q

Adult filariae produce larvae called what? And where it is usually detected?

A

Microfilariae; Blood

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4
Q

What is the morphologic structure of the adult filariae?

A

Creamy white and a Threadlike appearance

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5
Q

Size of adult worms

A

Male: 20-500 mm in length; Female: half of it

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6
Q

Morphologic form of microfilariae

A

slender

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7
Q

What are the two key characteristics that are helpful in speciating the microfilariae forms?

A
  1. Distribution of nuclei within the tip of the tail

2. Presence or absence of a delicate transparent covering known as sheath

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8
Q

How many are injected by an infected arthropod at the feeding site, are required to initiate human infection?

A

One to four infected larvae

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9
Q

Resulting adult worms may reside where?

A

Lymphatics
Subcutaneous tissue
Internal body cavities

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10
Q

Definitive host of Filariae

A

Adult sexual phase/ development of the parasite

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11
Q

Intermediate host of filariae

A

Larval phase of the parasite

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12
Q

A phenomenon whereby the parasites are present in the bloodstream during a specific time period; helpful in selecting the appropriate time for specimen collection

A

periodicity

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13
Q

Nocturnal periodicity

A

Night (9pm-4am)

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14
Q

Diurnal

A

During the day (10:15am-2:15pm)

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15
Q

Subperiodic

A

timing of occurrences not clear-cut (depends on the corresponding vector’s feeding schedule

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16
Q

Primary method of filarial diagnosis in microscopic examination of the microfilariae

A

Giemsa-stained smear of blood or tissue scraping of an infected nodule

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17
Q

True about Wuchereria bancrofti? (Bancrofti’s Filaria)
I. 240-300um long
II. Culex ______ Anopheles
III. Sheath ________
IV. Tip of tail is ___________
V. _________ Appearance Females are larger
Nocturnal Periodicity (__pm-___am)

A 
Aedes
PRESENT
nuclei- free
White Thread-like 
Nocturnal Periodicity (9pm-4am)
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18
Q

True about Brugia malayi? (Malayan Filaria)
I. 200-280um long
II. Aedes Anopheles ________
III. Sheath _________
IV. Two distinct in the tip of tail; ________
V. Resembles mostly like _______
___________- periodicity

A 
Mansonia
PRESENT
bulges
W. Bancrofti
Nocturnal Sub-
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19
Q 
True about Loa loa? (Eye Worm)
I. 248-300um long
II. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
III. Sheath \_\_\_\_\_\_
IV. Distinct \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ row of nuclei, \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to tip of tail
V. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Females are larger
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ Periodicity (10:15am-2:15pm)
A 
II. Chrysops Fly
III. Sheath
IV. continuous, extends 
V.. Females are larger
Diurnal (10:15am-2:15pm)
20
Q 
True about Onchocerca volvulus? (Blinding Filaria)
I. 150-355um long
II. \_\_\_\_\_ spp. (Black Fly)
III. Sheath is ABSENT
IV. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ to the tip of the tail
IV. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ up in knots in skin nodules Females are larger
Causing \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
Found in Sub-Q tissue
A 
II. Simulium spp. (Black Fly)
III. ABSENT
IV. Does not extend
IV. Thin (Wirelike) Coil 
River Blindness
21
Q

True about Mansonella ozzardi? (New World Filaria)
I. 220um in length
II. ________ or Simulium
III. Sheath is _________
IV. _________ nuclei, does not extend to tip of tail
V. Location of adults in humans is __________
Found in _______ ________
_____ Periodicity

A 
I. 220um in length
II. Culicoides 
III. ABSENT
IV. Numerous nuclei, does not extend to tip of tail
V.  unknown
blood specimen
No Periodicity
22
Q

True about Mansonella perstans (Perstans Filaria)
I. About 200um in length
II. _______
III. Sheath is _________
IV. ________, extend to tip of tail
V. Resides in _________ and ________ cavities, as well in __________

A 
I. About 200um in length
II. Culicoides
III. ABSENT
IV. Numerous
V. peritoneal and pleural cavities, as well in Mesentery
23
Q

Speciation of the microfilariae can be done by recognition of the distribution of nuclei in the tip of the tail and the presence ore absence of a delicate transparent covering known as the?

A

Sheath

24
Q

What type of periodicity is exhibited if microfilariae appear in the blood of an individual at 2:00 P.M. each day?

A

Diurnal

25
Q 
Which of the following is similar for all microfilariae discussed?
A. Presence of sheath
B. Ability to exhibit periodicity
C. Location of the adult worms
D. The basic life cycle
A

The basic life cycle

26
Q

Diagnosis of infection with Wuchereria bancrofti is best accomplished with?

A

Examination of stained peripheral blood taken during the night

27
Q

What drug, in combination with albendazole, has proven to be an important drug for the treatment of Bancrofti’s filariasis?

A

Ivermectin

28
Q

What can be used in the differentation and identification of Brugia malayi?

A

Presence of two terminal nuclei in the tail

29
Q

Ideal time period to collect blood samples for examination for the presence of the microfilariae of Brugia malayi?

A

10:00 pm to 4:00 am

30
Q

A small threadlike worm is observed under the conjunctiva of the eye. What organism is most likely?

A

Loa loa adult

31
Q

What type of periodicity does Loa loa exhibit?

A

Diurnal

32
Q

How do the microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus differ from those of other filarial?

A

They are found in the skin rather than blood

33
Q

Skin snips are the specimen of choice for diagnosis of infection with?

A

Onchocerca volvulus

34
Q

How are the microfilariae of Mansonella ozzardi differentiated from those of Onchocerca volvulus?

A

Location of the microfilariae

35
Q

Which of the following filarial drugs is effective against Mansonella ozzardi if therapy is necessary?

A

Diethylcarbamazine

36
Q

If a physician suspects an individual has the potential for an infection with Mansonella perstans, what specimen type would you suggest for recovery of the organism?

A

Blood

37
Q

What type of periodicity does Mansonella perstans exhibit?

A

None

38
Q

You live by a fast moving river in Eastern Africa. What filarial nematodes poses the greatest risk of infection for you?

A

Onchocerca volvulus

39
Q

What filarial nematodes is known as the blinding filaria?

A

Onchocerca volvulus

40
Q

The microfilariae of Brugia malayi are recognized by the?

A

presence of a sheath and two distinct terminal nuclei in the tail

41
Q

What filarial nematodes uses the mosquito as its vector?

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

42
Q

Swelling of the lower extremities due to obstruction of the lymphatic system by adult filarial nematodes is known as?

A

Elephantiasis

43
Q 
All of the following microfilariae lack a sheath except?
A. Mansonella ozzardi
B. Mansonella perstans
C. Onchocerca volvulus
D. Brugia malayi
A

Brugia malayi

44
Q 
Diagnosis of infection with Wuchereria bancrofti can be accomplished by all of the following methods except?
A. Serologic testing
B. Tissue Biospies
C. Knott technique
D. Thick and thin peripheral blood smear
A

Tissue biopsies

45
Q

What filarial nematode is transmitted by the Chrysops fly?

A

Loa loa

46
Q

What filarial nematode infections is diagnosed by using skin snips rather than a peripheral blood smear?

A

Onchocerca volvulus

47
Q

If an individual was planning to visit Africa, what filarial nematodes would NOT be a concern for potential infection?

A

Brugia malayi

Clinical Parasitology (8 decks)

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