Hemodynamic Disorder Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Why is infective endocarditis so important?

A

it is 100% fatal if unDx and unTx and 20% fatal id Dx and Tx appropriately

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2
Q

Right sided infective endocarditis embolus always goes to ____

A

lung

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3
Q

myocardial abscess

A

forms when infective embolus goes to CA

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4
Q

What is a normal QT interval corrected for HE, QTc?

A

<440 miliseconds ***

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5
Q

What are causes of long QT

A

ischemic heart disease
low K, Ca, or Mg
channelopathy
many other things

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6
Q

What is the risk of early afterdepolairzations (aka long QT)

A

ventricular tachycardia

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7
Q

What is the risk of ventricualr tachycardia?

What is the preventative treatment for ventricular tachycardia?

A

sudden death

defibrillator

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8
Q

loss of fucntion in repolarizing outward K channel, I-KS

A

LQT1 (prolongation of phase 2)

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9
Q

inactivating mutation in Na channel

A

LQT3 (prolong phase 3)

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10
Q

loss of fucntion in repolarizing outward K channel, I-KR

A

LQT2

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11
Q

the type of polymorphic ventricular tachycardia typical of congenital LQT syndromes is called

A

torsades de pointes

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12
Q

What is life saving preventative Tx for torsades de pointes

A

defibrillator

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13
Q

group of channelopathies causing shorted cardiac myocyte APs –> ventricular tachycardia –> sudden death

A

brugada syndrome

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14
Q

brugada syndrome is most common in what age/race/gender

A

young asian males

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15
Q

persistently elevation of ST segments (>2 mm) descending with an upward convexity to an inverted T wave in leads V1-V3
(AT REST)

A

brugada pattern

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16
Q

Tx of brugada syndrome

A

defibrillator

17
Q

mutations in ryanodine receptor

A

catecholaminergic

polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

18
Q

What triggers arrhythmias?

A

high intracell Ca causing delayed afterpolarizations

19
Q

Life saving-preventative treatment for arrythmias

A

Beta blockade or defibrillator

20
Q

how many babies, children, and young adults die of cahnnelopathies each year

21
Q

recognizing EKG signs of a _______ could save the life of a young person

A

channelopathy

22
Q

Gross: pale mottled flabby dilated heart

A

viral myocarditis

23
Q

pale septum

A

viral myocarditis

24
Q

muations in genese encofding desomsomal proteins or myocyte adhesion; probably with a 2nd hit

A

RT ventricular cardiomyopahty

25
What does right ventricular cardiomyopathy cause?
re-entrant ventricular tachycardia
26
disease possibly assc with enteric viral infection of the right heart
Rt ventricualr cardiomyopathy
27
fatty replacement of myocytes frequently with lyphocytic inflitationd and later fibrous scarring
Rt ventricular cardiomyopathy
28
notch in terminal part of QRS is called ____ and can be a manifestation of ____
epsilon wave | Rt ventricular cardiomyopathy
29
life saving preventative treatment Rt ventricualr cardiomyopathy
defibrillator
30
describe the cardiac AP in the left ventricle, what channels are open and what/where ions move
phase 4 (-90): I-K1 moves K+ out of cells Phase 0 (+10mV): I-Na moves Na+ into cells Phase 1: I-to1,2 moves K+ out and Cl- out phase 2: I-Ca-L and I-KS move Ca in and K+ out (at equal rates) phase 3: I-KS, KR, K1 move K+ out (back to -90mV)
31
ST segment convex to top
Type 1 ECG brugada sign
32
ST segment downward straight
Type 1 ECG brugada sign
33
ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation during emotional or physical stress from a mutation in SR Ca release channel
familial catecholaminergic | polymorphic ventricular tachycardia
34
Microscopic: multifocal inflammation, intersitial, usually mononuclear and is assc with myocyte injury and necrosis *predominant cells are lymphocytes and macrophages
viral myocarditis