Atherosclerosis Flashcards
vaso vasorum
in tunica adventitia
Erosion vs ulceration
erosion is more superficial (epithlium) ulceration is eriotion of epi and BM
foam cells
artheroma
endothelial injury causes decreased ….
NO an anti-thrombotic substances
rupture of the plaque
artheroemboli
fibrous cap forms over ___
artheroma
What is the worst complication of artherlosclerosis
superimposed thrombosis
2 categories of vulnerable plaque
largeness of artheroma smallness of fibrosis cap
pure fibrous tissue
adventitis?
Formation of foam cells overstuffed with ____
LDL
feature of later atherosclerosis–ingrowth of capillaries thru outer layer (T adventitia) and middle layer (T media) into the T intima creating abnormal blood vessels that are prone to rupture (constriction of T media –> interplaque hemorrhage)
neovascualrization
purple stuff on artery biopsy
calcification (common on advance lesions)
deposited of _______ in ECM
wavy collagen
What cells are recruited?
leukocytes and monocytes
_______ disease
chronic inflammatory
loose area on artery biopsy
artheroma
smooth muscle cells that squeeze lumen
tunica media
extrernal elastic lamina is (more or less) developed than interal.. where is it found?
less adevent and media
late stage of arthlerosclerosis What stain is used?
sclerosis trichrome (stains blue) ** aneurysm in pic in ppt
foam cells form from _____
macrophages which have engorged themselves with LDL
What inflammatory cytokines are released after endothelial injury?
IL-1 IL-6 TNF-alpha
____ follows artheroma
fibrosis/sclerosis
involves what size arteries?
large and medium (not small!)
Aneurisms are a disease of _____
T media (when it becomes thin)
disease of the _____ layer
tunica intima
coposed of amorphous enosinophillic debris, clholertiol clefts, fibrin, smooth muscle cells, and foam cells
atheroma
dark red clumps (not in lumen) denser red clumps (in lumen)
intraplaque hemorrage thrombosis
is fibrosis/sclerosis reversible or irreveersible
irreversible
Where does arthlersclerois form? Why?
branch point of artery bc there is turbulent flow which injures endothelium
in an atheroma caused by constriction of T media on neovascualrization
intraplaque hemorrhage
at each branch point of a blood vessels there is _____
turbulent flow –> endothelial injury
Fatty streaks, accumulation of lipid in tunica intima, is (reversible/irreversible)
reversible
channels in artery biopsy going from
area of rupture (neovascualrization ruptures)
central nuclei, lack cell features, pale cytoplasm
foam cell
***** ___% stenosis/narrowing of lumen is the critical threshold (between moderate and severe) for ischemic events causing problems of O2 supply to heart ****
**** 75% stenosis **** (+ inc demand or vasospasm –> sudden death)
A thin fibrous can can lead to
rupture and embolism
where cholesterol used to be, needle shaped
cholesterol clefts
COmplications of arthlerosclerosis
calciufication fissuring ulceration (erosion thru epithelium and BM) rupture artheroembolism intraplaque hemhorrage erosion of epithelium (lining only) superimposed thrombosis** the worst
fibrous cap is primary composed of ____
collagen, proliferation of smooth muscle cells, macrophages and lymphocytes
cholesterol clefts and peripheral calcification
artheroma
wavy line on miscoscopic artery sample
Elastic lamina
boundry between tuical inti,ma and media
internal elastic lamina
steps of artherlosclrosis
1: endothelial cells injury –> malfunction 2: accumulation of lipid in tunica intima (LDL) 3. leukocyte recruitment into tunica intima and smooth muscle cells recruited from tunica media 4: foam cell formation 5. ECM deposition (fibrosis, sclerosis
What type of lipid is trapped?
LDL
peripheral blood eosinophillia
artheroemboli in larger arteries (aorta, subcalvian) *just like infection with worms not common in artheroemboli in coronary or cerebral arteries. common in bigger ones, subclavian, aortic
