Atherosclerosis

Question 1

vaso vasorum

Answer 1

in tunica adventitia

Question 1

Erosion vs ulceration

Answer 1

erosion is more superficial (epithlium) ulceration is eriotion of epi and BM

Question 2

foam cells

Answer 2

artheroma

Question 3

endothelial injury causes decreased ….

Answer 3

NO an anti-thrombotic substances

Question 3

rupture of the plaque

Answer 3

artheroemboli

Question 4

fibrous cap forms over ___

Answer 4

artheroma

Question 4

What is the worst complication of artherlosclerosis

Answer 4

superimposed thrombosis

Question 4

2 categories of vulnerable plaque

Answer 4

largeness of artheroma smallness of fibrosis cap

Question 5

pure fibrous tissue

Answer 5

adventitis?

Question 5

Formation of foam cells overstuffed with ____

Answer 5

LDL

Question 6

feature of later atherosclerosis–ingrowth of capillaries thru outer layer (T adventitia) and middle layer (T media) into the T intima creating abnormal blood vessels that are prone to rupture (constriction of T media –> interplaque hemorrhage)

Answer 6

neovascualrization

Question 7

purple stuff on artery biopsy

Answer 7

calcification (common on advance lesions)

Question 8

deposited of _______ in ECM

Answer 8

wavy collagen

Question 9

What cells are recruited?

Answer 9

leukocytes and monocytes

Question 11

_______ disease

Answer 11

chronic inflammatory

Question 12

loose area on artery biopsy

Answer 12

artheroma

Question 13

smooth muscle cells that squeeze lumen

Answer 13

tunica media

Question 15

extrernal elastic lamina is (more or less) developed than interal.. where is it found?

Answer 15

less adevent and media

Question 16

late stage of arthlerosclerosis What stain is used?

Answer 16

sclerosis trichrome (stains blue) ** aneurysm in pic in ppt

Question 17

foam cells form from _____

Answer 17

macrophages which have engorged themselves with LDL

Question 19

What inflammatory cytokines are released after endothelial injury?

Answer 19

IL-1 IL-6 TNF-alpha

Question 20

____ follows artheroma

Answer 20

fibrosis/sclerosis

Question 21

involves what size arteries?

Answer 21

large and medium (not small!)

Question 22

Aneurisms are a disease of _____

Answer 22

T media (when it becomes thin)

Question 24

disease of the _____ layer

Answer 24

tunica intima

Question 25

coposed of amorphous enosinophillic debris, clholertiol clefts, fibrin, smooth muscle cells, and foam cells

Answer 25

atheroma

Question 26

dark red clumps (not in lumen) denser red clumps (in lumen)

Answer 26

intraplaque hemorrage thrombosis

Question 27

is fibrosis/sclerosis reversible or irreveersible

Answer 27

irreversible

Question 27

Where does arthlersclerois form? Why?

Answer 27

branch point of artery bc there is turbulent flow which injures endothelium

Question 29

in an atheroma caused by constriction of T media on neovascualrization

Answer 29

intraplaque hemorrhage

Question 30

at each branch point of a blood vessels there is \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 30

turbulent flow --\> endothelial injury

Question 32

Fatty streaks, accumulation of lipid in tunica intima, is (reversible/irreversible)

Answer 32

reversible

Question 33

channels in artery biopsy going from

Answer 33

area of rupture (neovascualrization ruptures)

Question 34

central nuclei, lack cell features, pale cytoplasm

Answer 34

foam cell

Question 35

\*\*\*\*\* \_\_\_% stenosis/narrowing of lumen is the critical threshold (between moderate and severe) for ischemic events causing problems of O2 supply to heart \*\*\*\*

Answer 35

\*\*\*\* 75% stenosis \*\*\*\* (+ inc demand or vasospasm --\> sudden death)

Question 36

A thin fibrous can can lead to

Answer 36

rupture and embolism

Question 37

where cholesterol used to be, needle shaped

Answer 37

cholesterol clefts

Question 38

COmplications of arthlerosclerosis

Answer 38

calciufication fissuring ulceration (erosion thru epithelium and BM) rupture artheroembolism intraplaque hemhorrage erosion of epithelium (lining only) superimposed thrombosis\*\* the worst

Question 39

fibrous cap is primary composed of \_\_\_\_

Answer 39

collagen, proliferation of smooth muscle cells, macrophages and lymphocytes

Question 40

cholesterol clefts and peripheral calcification

Answer 40

artheroma

Question 41

wavy line on miscoscopic artery sample

Answer 41

Elastic lamina

Question 42

boundry between tuical inti,ma and media

Answer 42

internal elastic lamina

Question 43

steps of artherlosclrosis

Answer 43

1: endothelial cells injury --\> malfunction 2: accumulation of lipid in tunica intima (LDL) 3. leukocyte recruitment into tunica intima and smooth muscle cells recruited from tunica media 4: foam cell formation 5. ECM deposition (fibrosis, sclerosis

Question 44

What type of lipid is trapped?

Answer 44

LDL

Question 45

peripheral blood eosinophillia

Answer 45

artheroemboli in larger arteries (aorta, subcalvian) \*just like infection with worms not common in artheroemboli in coronary or cerebral arteries. common in bigger ones, subclavian, aortic