Hematology Oncology Flashcards
What labs might indicate hemolysis?
increased retic count, increased unconjugated bilirubin, increased LDH, decreased haptoglobin
What are the different types of MAHA syndromes?
TTP, HUS, DIC, Prosthetic valves, eclampsia, HELLP, malignant HTN, vasculitis
How does lupus anticoagulant affect clotting facts/times?
PTT is prolonged, bleeding time normal
What is the presentation of acute hemolytic transfusion reaction?
flank pain, fever, chills, positive coombs, pink plasma
What is the presentation of autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, pallor,
What PNH and its presentation?
defect in cell membrane - intravascular hemolysis, thrombosis,
G6PD deficiency - How does it appear on pathology?
Heinz bodies
What is the presentation of Hodgkin’s lymphoma?
painless lymphadenopathy, sometimes fever, night sweats, cough
How is HL diagnosed?
lymph node biopsy demonstrating reed sternberg cells
What is the presentation of NHL?
enlarg lymph nodes, recurrent infections, possibly superior edvena cava obstruction, respiratory involvement, bone pain, etc
Who tends to be affected by AML?
adults, often exposed to radiation, myeloproliferative syndromes
Who tends to be affected by ALL? How bad is it?
children under 15; most responsivie to therapy, has poor prognosis if in really young or older children, elevated white count or CNS involvment
How can ALL be pathologically separated from AML?
Auer rods - granules and eosinophilic rods inside malignant cells
Who tends to be affected by CLL? How bad is it?
people over 50; not so bad (least aggressive)
What is the classic pathology of CLL?
smudge cells
What is a common presentation of polycythemia vera?
severe pruritis after a shower; facial plethora, splenomegaly
When do you get BRCA a screening?
over 50 1st degree relative 2 or more relatives Ovarian and breast cancers Ashkenazi jews
How does a vitamin K deficiency present in terms of clotting factors and bleeding times?
prolonged PT, prolonged PTT, greater PT than PTT
Describe the classic presentation of HUS
follows infectious disease, especially diarrheal
thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, fever, renal failure
Describe the presentation of DIC. how does it present in terms of clotting factors and clotting times?
initial thrombosis followed by procoagulant consumption
thrombocytopenia, prolonged PT, prolonged PTT, prolonged thrombin time
Describe the classic presentation of TTP
hemolytic anemia, fever, neurological signs, thrombocytopenia
Describe the presentation of von Willebrand’s disease in terms of bleeding times and coags
prolonged bleeding time, increase in PTT; PT would be normal
Describe the side effect profile of tacrolimus
calcinuerin inhibitor - nephrotoxicity, hyperkalemia, glucose intolerance
Describe the side effect profile of cyclosporine
calcineurin inhibitor - nephrotoxicity, hyperkalemia, gingitival hypertrophy, hirsuitism, gout