GU

Question 1

When do uric acid stones form?

Answer 1

increased cell turnover, urine is acidic, dehydration

Question 2

When are struvite stones formed?

Answer 2

urine is alkaline bc of urease producing bacteria (proteus)

Question 3

What ist he most common cause of overflow incontinence in men?

Answer 3

prostate enlargement

Question 4

What is stress incontinence?

Answer 4

develop incontinence after coughing or sneezing, more common in women; normal PVR volume

Question 5

What are the causes of priapism?

Answer 5

sickle cell/leukemia
perineal trauma
neurogenic lesions (spinal cord injury)
medications

Question 6

A patient presents with penile discharge that stain positive for gram negative diplococci. This is?

Answer 6

Gonorrhea

Question 7

What is the typical presentation of chlamydia?

Answer 7

often asymptomatic, can be associated with clear penile discharge

Question 8

How is chlamydia diagnosed?

Answer 8

Nucelic acid amplification tests

Question 9

What is the treatment for chlamydia?

Answer 9

azithromycin or doxycycline

Question 10

What is the treatment for herpes?

Answer 10

acyclovir

Question 11

A patient presents with tender lymph nodes in both groins. What is this and what causes it?

Answer 11

lymphogranuloma venereum (caused by a variant of chlamydia)

Question 12

A patient presents with painful lesions on the penis. What is this and what causes it?

Answer 12

chancroid - caused by hemophilis ducreyi

Question 13

Describe the stages of syphillis

Answer 13

Stage 1 - painless chancre
Stage 2 - anything, often a non-itchy maculopapular rash involving soles and palms
Stage 3 - gummatous disease, neurosyphillis, tabes dorsalis, cardiovascular disease

Question 14

How is syphillis diagnosed?

Answer 14

RPR or VDRL

Question 15

What is the Jarisch Herxheimer reaction?

Answer 15

side effect of syphillis treatment characterized by fever, muscle pain,

Question 16

How does HIV present acutely?

Answer 16

rash, fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, lymphadenopathy

Question 17

What are the complications of PID

Answer 17

Scarred fallopian tube
Tubo-ovarian abscess (TOA)
Tubal factor infertility
Ectopic pregnancy
Pelvic adhesions
Chronic pelvic pain

Question 18

What is the presentation and treatment of disseminated gonorrhea?

Answer 18

tenosynovitis, dermatitis, and multiple skin lesions (pustules) migratory polygmyalgias- treat with IV ceftriaxone

Question 19

A patient who travels a lot presents with painless ulcers on the penis. What is this and what causes it? How can it be diagnosed?

Answer 19

granuloma inguinale
Caused by klebsiella granulomatis
diagnosed by donovan bodies on Wright stain (rod shaped oval organisms)

Question 20

What are the treatment options for BPH?

Answer 20

alpha 1 blockers (doxazosin, tamsulosin) or 5 alpha reductase inhibitors (finasteride)

Question 21

What are possible presentations of RCC?

Answer 21

classic triad (hematuria, flank pain, palpable mass) 
others: scrotal varices, paraneoplastics (polycythemia, hypercalcemia, fever, etc)

Question 22

What are the risk factors for developing UTIs?

Answer 22

honeymoon cystitis - sexual intercourse due to introduction of uropathogens

Question 23

Terminal hematuria is an indication of …

Answer 23

bladder or prostate injury

Question 24

A patient presents with nocturia in the setting of a family history of “blood issues”. This is…

Answer 24

hyposthenuria (an inability to concentrate urine) - in patients with sickle cell disease

Question 25

A patient presents febrile with suprapubic pain, urinary frequency and an esquisitely tender rectal exam. This is…

Answer 25

acute bacterial prostatitis