Hematology Flashcards
Blood cells are referred to as _____ all of which are suspended in _____ fluid.
corpuscles
plasma
_____ is plasma without coagulation factors (especially fibrinogen)
Serum
Plasma has a higher protein concentration which establishes the _____
Osmotic gradient
~60% of plasma protein is _____
~35%of plasma protein are _____
albumin
globulins
What are the 3 types of Corpuscles?
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes
Why do Erythrocytes appear red?
Due to the 200-300 molecules of hemoglobin in each
What are the 2 types of hemoglobin?
Type A (adult) Type F (fetal)
What is Myoglobin?
Muscle “hemoglobin”
this is the oxygen store within muscle fibers
its greater oxygen affinity curve allows for transfer of oxygen from blood to muscles
_____ is the formation of blood cells (corpuscles)
Hematopoiesis
All corpuscles arise from cells known as _____.
Pluripotent uncommitted stem cells
_____ is the production of erythrocytes.
Erythropoiesis
_____ is a glycoprotein hormone secreted by the Kidneys (90%) and Liver (10%) that increases the rate of production of red blood cells in response to falling levels of oxygen in the tissues.
Erythropoietin
_____ anemia is caused by a lack of dietary iron, poor iron absorption or loss of iron stores
Iron-Deficiency
_____ anemia is a lack of vitamin B12
Pernicious
_____ anemia results from a decrease in blood cell production (radiation, benzene)
Aplastic
_____ anemia results from an increase RBC destruction surpassing replacement rate
Hemolytic
_____ anemia is a result of blood loss
Hemorrhagic
What are the 2 classifications of leukocytes?
Granulocytes
Agranulocytes
Granulocytes can be subdivided in to 3 types. What are they?
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
What are the 2 types of Agranulocytes?
Monocytes
Lymphocytes
_____ is the most abundant leukocyte, formed in bone marrow. They contain multi-lobulated nuclei, and efficient in engulfing things.
Neutrophils
As neutrophils granules become depleted this causes enzyme and histamine release prior to neutrophil death known as _____.
Neutrophil burst or degranulation
Neutrophils pass through capillary and venue pores in a process known as _____.
diapedesis
Neutrophils also produce _____ which cause the temperature regulatory center in the hypothalamus to raise body temperature (fever)
pyrogens
_____ originate in bone marrow, are motile and slightly phagocytic.
Eosinophils
_____ originate in marrow and have little to no phagocytic activity.
Basophil
_____ the largest of the leukocytes (about 3X the size of an erythrocyte). Capable of diapedesis, upon migration to tissue called macrophage
Monocytes
_____ nucleus is large, round and cell has little cytoplasm. There are T-_____ and B-_____.
(all same word)
Lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes complete their development in the _____ and B-lymphocytes mature in the _____.
Thymus gland
Spleen
Activated T-lymphocytes give rise to clones of lymphocytes responsive to the antigen, conferring _____
Cell-mediated immunity
What are the 4 types of T-lymphocytes?
T8 Suppressor
T8 Cytotoxic
T4 Helper
T4 Inducer
B-lymphocytes can live for many years and are the basis of the body’s humoral or _____.
Antibody-mediated immunity
What are the 5 classes of antibodies?
- IgG - most abundant
- IgA - found in secretion
- IgM - found on B-cell surface
- IgD - also found on B-call surface
- IgE - role in allergic reaction
