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AVS 371 > Exam 3 > Flashcards

Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Neuroplasm is typically maintain to be

a. high in sodium, low in potassium
b. low in sodium, high in potassium
c. low in sodium, low in potassium
d. high in sodium, high in potassium
e. high in sodium, free of potassium

A

b. low in sodium, high in potassium

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2
Q

Which of these would not be part of the plasma fraction of centrifuged whole blood?

a. Albumin
b. Electrolytes
c. Hormones
d. Platelets
e. Clotting factors

A

d. Platelets

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3
Q

A different between blood and lymphatic fluid is

a. Lymphatic fluid is higher in protein content
b. Only lymphatic fluid has wastes
c. Only blood contains nutrients
d. Blood has a higher colloid osmotic pressure
e. Lymphatic fluid contains lymphocytes, blood does not

A

d. Blood has a higher colloid osmotic pressure

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4
Q

Which of these is not classified as a granulocyte

a. Reticulocyte
b. Erythrocyte
c. Monocyte
d. Lymphocyte
e. All of the above

A

e. All of the above

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5
Q

Hemoglobin can carry _____ molecules of oxygen when fully oxygenated.

a. Four
b. One
c. Four hundred
d. Twelve hundred
e. Depend if it is fetal hemoglobin or adult hemoglobin

A

a. Four

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6
Q

The first 2 ventricles in the brain are also called

a. Central canals
b. Epidural spaces
c. Lateral ventricles
d. Iters
e. Aqueducts of Monro

A

c. Lateral ventricles

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7
Q

Which if these arteries receives blood first

a. Interlobular arteries
b. Interlobar arteries
c. Efferent arterioles
d. Purkinje arterioles
e. Afferent arterioles

A

b. Interlobar arteries

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8
Q

The cell involved in recycling red blood cells tagged with haptoglobin is

a. Eosinophil
b. Kupffer cell
c. Langerhans cell
d. Neutrophil
e. Reticulocyte

A

b. Kupffer cell

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9
Q

Hematopoiesis primarily occurs in

a. Blood vessels
b. Red bone Marrow
c. Spleen
d. Lymph nodes
e. Peyer’s patches

A

b. Red bone Marrow

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10
Q

Which of the following is true?

a. Cranial nerves have dorsal and ventral roots
b. Saltatory conduction refers to sodium regulation by the nephrons
c. Action potentials in neurons start at the axon hillock
d. White blood cell production is the main function of yellow bone marrow
e. Myelinated nerves are only present in the peripheral nervous system

A

c. Action potentials in neurons start at the axon hillock

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11
Q

Which of the following is true?

a. Juxaglomerular and cortical nephrons share collecting ducts
b. The vasa recta is a capillary bed surrounding the collecting ducts
c. Cortical nephrons are critical for concentrating urine
d. The urethra carries urine from the kidney to the bladder
e. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system increases kidney function

A

a. Juxaglomerular and cortical nephrons share collecting ducts

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12
Q

The middle layer of the meninges is the

a. Arachnoid mater
b. Dura mater
c. Blood Brain Barrier
d. Pia mater
e. Choroid plexus

A

a. Arachnoid mater

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13
Q

If smooth muscle of the efferent arteriole relaxes we would expect

a. Increase glomerular filtration
b. Increase hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman’s capsule
c. A smaller volume of fluid in the lumen of the proximal tubules of the nephron
d. More blood leaving via the afferent arteriole
e. Release of erythropoietin

A

c. A smaller volume of fluid in the lumen of the proximal tubules of the nephron

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14
Q

Cerebral spinal fluid is produced by

a. Corpus callosum
b. Choroid plexus
c. Locus coeruleus
d. Supraoptic nucleic
e. All of the above

A

b. Choroid plexus

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15
Q

Which of these is not part of the glomerular filtration barrier?

a. Podocytes
b. Porous capillary endolthelium
c. Basement membrane
d. Filtration slit membrane
e. Vasa recta

A

e. Vasa recta

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16
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) predominantly affects the

a. Adrenal gland
b. Supra Optic nuclei of the brain
c. Loop of Henle
d. Glomerular filtration rate
e. Water permeability of cells in the collecting ducts

A

e. Water permeability of cells in the collecting ducts

17
Q

Which of these is not a function of the proximal tubule

a. reabsorption of platelets
b. reabsorption of amino acids
c. reabsorption of glucose
d. secretion of hydrogen ions
e. reabsorption of water and electrolytes

A

a. reabsorption of platelets

18
Q

The glial cell that is part of the blood brain barrier is the?

a. Microglial cell
b. Astroglial cell
c. Oligodendroglial cell
d. Schwann cell
e. None of the above

A

b. Astroglial cell

19
Q

If the afferent (glomerular) arteriole relaxes, glomerular filtration rate would

a. Stay the same
b. Effectively be zero
c. Increase
d. Stop
e. Exclude more substances

A

c. Increase

20
Q

The Pacinian corpuscle detects

a. Onset and release of pressure on the skin
b. Constant pressure on the skin
c. The lightest and most delicate pressure in high acuity regions
d. Both A and C
e. All of the above

A

a. Onset and release of pressure on the skin

21
Q

“White matter” tends to represent areas where

a. Nerve soma originate
b. Myelinated nerve axons exist
c. Where interneurons are
d. No neurons are present
e. B and D

A

b. Myelinated nerve axons exist

22
Q

Difficult calving can injure this nerve in the mother

a. Brachial
b. Vagus
c. Sciatic
d. Olfactory
e. Obturator

A

e. Obturator

23
Q

Smell, taste, and touch are best described as

a. Perfect stimulus
b. Generator potential
c. Modalities
d. Facilitating stimulus
e. Adequate stimulus

A

c. Modalities

24
Q

With Temporal summation
a. The axon hillock prevents an action potential
b. The threshold of the post synaptic neuron changes
c. In regular intervals of time action potentials will be initiated
d. The same pre-synaptic neuron fires many times to induce a post-synaptic action potential
e EPSP’s from many pre-synaptic neurons add up to induce a post-synaptic action potential

A

d. The same pre-synaptic neuron fires many times to induce a post-synaptic action potential

25
Q

The correct order of the general mammalian brain: posterior to anterior is

a. Telencephalon, diecephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon
b. Diecephalon, telencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon
c. Mesencephalon, myelencephalon, metencephalon, telencephalon, diecephalon,
d. Telencephalon, diecephalon, metencephalon, mesencephalon, myelencephalon
e. Diecephalon, telencephalon, metencephalon, mesencephalon, myelencephalon

A

a. Telencephalon, diecephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon

26
Q

Which of these is not a lobe of the cerebrum

a. Occipital
b. Parietal
c. Auditory
d. Temporal
e. Frontal

A

c. Auditory

27
Q

The area of the brain that receives all the sensory information regardless of what sense is:

a. Thalamus
b. Pituitary
c. Hypothalamus
d. Cerebellum
e. Medulla

A

a. Thalamus

28
Q

The most basic reflex pathway requires which of the following

a. Afferent nerve
b. Efferent nerve
c. Interneuron in spinal cord or brain
e. All of the above

A

e. All of the above

29
Q

Erythropoietin

a. Stimulates which blood cell production
b. Stimulates red blood cells to become reticulocytes
c. Stimulates the conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin
d. Is released be the cells in the kidney in response to low oxygen
e. Causes anemia

A

d. Is released be the cells in the kidney in response to low oxygen

30
Q

If cattle are moved to high elevation and are exposed to chronic hypoxia they may develop

a. Pernicious anemia
b. Secondary polycythemia
c. Polycythemia vera
d. Aplastic anemia
e. Relative polycythemia

A

b. Secondary polycythemia

31
Q

Inhibitory neurotransmitters can

a. Induce a post-synaptic action potential
b. Induce an IPSP
c. Induce a pre-synaptic action potential
d. Inhibit a pre-synaptic action potential
e. Change the threshold potential

A

b. Induce an IPSP

32
Q

The release of neurotransmitter from the terminal button of neurons is triggered by

a. An action potential
b. Opening of voltage-sensitive calcium channels
c. Influx of calcium
d. All of the above
e. None of the above

A

d. All of the above

33
Q

A neural network that has one presynaptic neuron connected to many post-synaptic neurons is

a. Divergent
b. Tetanic
c. Treppe
d. Convergent
e. Not possible

A

a. Divergent

34
Q

The class of antibodies that can cross the placenta is

a. IgA
b. IgG
c. IgM
d. IgD
e. IgE

A

b. IgG

AVS 371 (15 decks)

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