Hematology 1 Flashcards
Where are the 4 main sites of production of red blood cells in adults?
Vertebrae
Pelvis
Sternum
Ribs
Lifespan of RBC
90-120 days
What are RBCs removed by?
Mononuclear Phagocyte system
(Spleen, liver, lymph nodes)
Describe the process of erythropoiesis
RBC production
Peritubular cells of the kidney produces erythropoietin.
Erythropoietin stimulates RBC production in bone marrow.
Process takes about 4 days.
What things are required for blood cells to grow properly?
Iron
Proteins
Vitamins (B12, Folate)
A vitamin deficiency of B12 and Folate would lead to what?
Impaired DNA synthesis in RBCs
What outcome of blood would an iron and protein deficiency cause?
Reduced ability to carry O2
What does hematocrit measure?
Percent of blood that are RBCs
What does hematocrit measure?
Percent of blood that are RBCs
Normal hematocrit percentage for males
42-50%
Normal hematocrit percentage for females
39-48%
Reduced levels of RBC
Anemia
Reduced levels of RBC
Anemia
Anemic levels for males
<42% hematocrit
Hb <13.0g/100mL
Anemic levels for females
<39% hematocrit
Hb <12.0g/100mL
What is the most common cause of anemia?
Iron deficiency
What percent of Americans have anemia?
5.6%
Symptoms of Anemia
Weakness
Tachycardia
Fatigue
Dyspnea
Palpitations
Angina
Pallor
Myelin Degeneration
What are the 3 main ways of getting anemia?
1) Reduced RBC production
2) Excessive blood loss/hemorrhage
3) Increased RBC destruction
How does lead poisoning cause anemia?
Inhibits heme and globin synthesis of RBCs
Who is at higher risk of lead poisoning?
Children
Early Signs and symptoms of lead poisoning
Pallor
Abdominal pain
irritability
Late signs and symptoms of lead poisoning
Lethargy
Anorexia
Ataxia
Slurred speech, convulsions
How do you treat lead poisoning?
Chelation
Remove lead source
