hegemonic stability Flashcards
what did Organski do and discover
statistical tests and found that wars between the most powerful states of any period occur as the two states pass or are about to pass each other in total power. In other words, war happens when one of the states is in relative decline.
in _Organski’s Power Transition Theory, what are the two states element
1)In every power transition there is a status quo state – the established power which is in relative decline and which has an interest in preserving the current international order.
2)There is also a challenger or revisionist state, which seeks to over-turn the international system and defeat the status quo power. The challenger state is normally rising rapidly in power in comparison with the status quo states and wants therefore to take over the international system.
_Satisfied challenger states will inherit and not overturn the international system.
what Long Cycle theories seek to explain
explain the periodic dominance of the international system by the single most powerful state termed a hegemon, and the transition of power from one hegemonic power to the next typically occurs through a general or world war.
what has the hegemonic state
naval power grounded in commercial trade and technological dominance. As long as these states are dominant, they shape the structure of international commerce, typical pursuing free trade
what happens when the hegemonic state over-extend in defending their interest
they fall behind technologically and ultimately commercially to a rising challenger.
why the dominate state they rarely make room for challengers
Because the dominant state obtains resource benefits by controlling the international system
what do Modelski and Thompson said happens when The challenger is a land power
defeated, but so weakens the hegemonic state that another maritime power inherits the position as hegemon.
what its the list of hegemon
Portugal, Spain 1494-1585 challenger dutch
dutch 1585-1713 challenger England
England 1713-1815 challenge France
England 1815-1945 challenger Germany, Italy, Japan
usa 1945-1991 challenger Russia
usa 1992-2006 challenger china
what does bring the victory by a new hegemon
brings a restructuring of the international system, which typically includes a new set of international institutions and structure of trade. ex; world commerce didn’t exist before Portuguese
who talked about two reasons that made the depression
Charles Kindleberger
what did Charles Kindleberger argued about the depression? two
(1). the normal business cycle that rises and falls – this is expected; (2). The absence of a hegemonic power.
what did Charles Kindleberger argued about the hegemon exploit
hegemons do more than exploit their dominant position to extract resources from the international system, but that the international system is a public good that benefits all states and it is in the interest of the hegemon to ensure that the system continues to work.
how are characterized plublic goods
_(1): nonrilvalness (no zero-sum trade-off in access to the public good): a gain of one state in free trade does not cause another’s loss.
_EG: Comparative advantage: states can produce what they are best at producing.
_(2): nonexclusiveness (not excludable): no state can be excluded from the benefits of the public good; therefore states may benefit from trade without having to expend resources to maintain it.
_EG: Some state should be responsible for enforcing navigation rules and fighting piracy.
Kindleberger argues that it was the failure of the British and American hegemons to manage the international system that caused the great depression, that brought the fascist regimes to power in Germany, Italy, and Japan, and was the cause of the Second World War. true or false
true
what are the two crucial services to maintain the international economy that the hegemonies provide
_(1). The hegemon is the lender of last resort ( Typically the hegemon enters and provides low-interest counter-cyclical loans to desperate businesses and states )
_(2). The hegemon is the market of last resort ( states become protectionist to protect domestic employment by raising tariffs to keep out foreign competition.. Because all follow the identical strategy, trade flows come to a halt actually worsening unemployment in all states. The hegemon keeps its tariffs low to provide a counter-cyclical market for states that can’t sell their goods elsewhere, and thereby maintains the integrity of the free trade system.
