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class 1 205 metho > balance of power > Flashcards

balance of power Flashcards

1
Q

what is the focus of the alliance theory

A

are alliances a cause of war or peace

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2
Q

according to Kenneth Waltz, what are the 2 strategies for countries to balance treats

A

internal balancing and external balancing

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3
Q

what is external balancing

A

make external alliances with other states

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4
Q

what is internal balancing

A

build internal resources

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5
Q

according to Stephen Walt, what two different type of alliance behaviour states exhibit

A

balancing against power and balancing against threat

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6
Q

what is balancing against power

A

oppose the threat ( based on the enemy’s power ) to you along with other states ( allies)

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7
Q

what is balancing against treat

A

states will prioritize balancing against power, states will balance against ideological threat once basic security is secured, explains why coalitions tend to be overwhelming and not rationally a minimum winning coalition ( spend less possible for more benefits)

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8
Q

name the four causes of Stephen Walts balancing against threat

A
  1. bigger-more dangerous: aggregate power
  2. Geographic proximity
  3. offensive power
  4. aggressive intentions
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9
Q

what is bandwagoning

A

you join the threat ( submit so that you do not appear tp be an threat to the stronger party and hope you’re not attacked ) topically; too weak or no allies

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10
Q

what is a type of bandwagoning

A

appeasement

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11
Q

what is Jackal bandwagoning

A

side with the stronger side in other to have benefits ( offensive bandwagoning ) tends to occur at end of wars

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12
Q

who introduced Jackal bandwagoning

A

Randall schweller

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13
Q

who introduced buck pass

A

John Mearsheimer

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14
Q

who introduced bait and bleed

A

John Mearsheimer

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15
Q

who introduced bloodletting

A

John Mearsheimer

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16
Q

what is buckpass

A

a strategy to politically maneuver a threat to attack another state ( the buckcatcher )

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17
Q

what is an exemple of buck pass

A

the USSR made Germany attack France

18
Q

what is bait and bleed

A

arrange for threats to fight each other

19
Q

what is an exemple of bait and bleed

A

the irak- Iran war ( usa shared info )

20
Q

what is bloodletting

A

get other states to fight each other in the long war ( conclusion of bait and bleed )

21
Q

what is burden sharing

A

every alliance must have some agreement on the distribution of the burden

22
Q

when is free-riding happen

A

free-riding in an alliance occurs when one alliance partner calculate that it can contributes less because other states have less of a chose

23
Q

what is commitment problem

A

keep states form distancing or defecting from their alliances and joining the enemy, alliance must demonstrate commitment

24
Q

how can the alliance demonstrate commitment

A

stationing troops in your ally’s territory

25
Q

what is chain-ganging

A

if state is too committed, the state might drag allies into war against their will ( Austria-Hungary and Germany against Serbia )

26
Q

what is an exemple of commitment

A

usa station South Korea

27
Q

what is defensive chain-ganging

A

restrain a country form going to war that otherwise would have

28
Q

how introduced chain-ganging, burden sharing, free-riding, commitment problem etc.

A

Glenn Snyder

29
Q

what did Mancur Olson introduced

A

collective action problem

30
Q

why states cooperating with each other becomes complex ( collective action problem )

A
  1. calculation problem ( coordination cost increase with number of states in alliances )
  2. free-rider problem ( tragedy of the common )
  3. sanctioning problem ( if state cheat, take resources to punish )
31
Q

what is minimum winning coalitions

A

states seek to minimize cost and because of the collective action problem, will seek smallest possible alliance to seek security

32
Q

who said “the enemy of my enemy is my friend”

A

kautilya

33
Q

from with ideological realm the balance of power is from

A

realism

34
Q

what is the balance of power

A

a general tendency for the weakest states to ally against the greatest threat

35
Q

we can say that the balance of power brings..

A

stability

36
Q

why do balance of power bring stability

A
  1. no single nation becomes dominant
  2. most of its members continue to survive
  3. large scale war does not occur
37
Q

what does balance of power reject?

A

hegemonic stability theory ( no state is in economic and military domination of the worlds institutions

38
Q

attempt to unify Europe

A

Napoleon or nazi Germany

39
Q

what are the criticism of the balance of power

A
  1. problem of trade-offs between the goals of a balance of power system; war stop domination, domination system to stop war, war to prevent conquest of smaller powers, conquest to preserve the characteristic of the system
  2. some argue that work only on certain conditions; moderate competitive behaviour among the states, typically caused by religion or culture restraints, a norm against the annihilations of states, no impediments to the free balancing of states, such as pacifism or democracy
  3. the offshore balancer; balance of power is dysfunctional because requires an invulnerable neutral state to join the weaker side
  4. the balance of power doesn’t always work; states do unify
  5. balance of power applies to land warfare only
  6. balance of power is to explain the absence of terrestrial hegemony, not peace ( balance of power need war to work )
40
Q

what is the misperception of the balance of power process

A

that the balance of power isnt according to the balancing principle but the bandwagoning principle so, strength attract allies, states submit, influence spreads like dominos, create spheres of influence

41
Q

how do the state that believe in a bandwagoning world behave

A

aggressively

42
Q

how do the other state react facing a aggressive state

A

overwhelming coalition of all other states in the system

class 1 205 metho (17 decks)

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