neo-realism

Question 1

neo-realism is a evolution of what

Answer 1

classic realism

Question 2

who developed Neo-realism

Answer 2

Kenneth Waltz

Question 3

what are the two variant of NR

Answer 3

defensive and offensive

Question 4

who talked about offensive NR

Answer 4

Mearsheimer

Question 5

what is defensive NR

Answer 5

states seek security

Question 6

what is offensive NR

Answer 6

states seek power

Question 7

bipolar system reduces the likelihood of what

NR

Answer 7

war; less miscalculation, less chain-ganging

Question 8

who talked about the endowment effect

Answer 8

Joseph Grieco

Question 9

what is the endowment effect

Answer 9

states are risk acceptant ( aggressive ) with regard to recapturing losses, and risks averse ( afraid )with regard to capturing gain.

Question 10

what is the security dilemma

Answer 10

many of the means by which a state tries to increase its security decrease the security of others

Question 11

what are the two paradoxe of the security dilemma

Answer 11

1. attempts to increase your security by increasing your power may actually decrease your security
2. may inadvertently aggravate their relation, increase their security by decreasing power

Question 12

what is the alternative perspective of the security dilemma

Answer 12

war is caused by aggressive states( challenger states ) and failure of status-quo to defend themselves

Question 13

why is the challenger states the weaker

Answer 13

because the most powerful states shape the international system and than try to protect it as status quo

Question 14

what is the dependent variable

Answer 14

( effect ) worsening or improving security dilemma

Question 15

what are the two possible independent variable that affects the security dilemma

Answer 15

1. whether the offense or the defense has the advantages

2. whether defensive weapons and policies can be distinguished form offensive ones

Question 16

definition of offensive advantage

Answer 16

it is easier to destroy the opponent army and take its territory than it is to defend ones own ( tanks )

Question 17

definition of defensive advantage

Answer 17

it is harder to destroy the opponents army and take its territory than it is to defend ones own ( fort )

Question 18

who typically purchase weapons to overturn the status quo

Answer 18

aggressor

Question 19

what can happen when status quo states can’t identify other status quo states or aggressor

Answer 19

unintended war

Question 20

who introduced offensive realism

Answer 20

Mearsheimer

Question 21

what are the two assumption of offensive realism

Answer 21

1. states have offensive military capability

2. states seek power rather than security

Question 22

what does offensive realism reject

Answer 22

the security dilemma

Question 23

what are the argument for offensive realism

Answer 23

1. because of water, global hegemony is impossible but regional hegemony is attainable
2. states are risk acceptant and will make war when they have the possibility to achieve regional hegemony
3. regional hegemony play the role of offshore balancers in other regions where allies can challenge potential regional hegemony by bringing the water barrier
4. regional hegemons will jealously exclude other regional hegemons form their own region

Question 24

does uncertainty causes opportunism or..

Answer 24

caution

Question 25

fight between multipolar system and

Answer 25

bipolar system

Question 26

classical realist think that uncertainty leads to

Answer 26

peace

Question 27

why classical realist think that uncertainty leads to peace

Answer 27

1. because of third party, not easy to calculate ( waterbird dilemma )
2. cross-cutting pressures; self-balancing system, reduced allocation of attention
3. certainty- opportunist will attack, uncertainty- aggressor think twice, so multipolar create peace

Question 28

who think that uncertainty leads to war

Answer 28

neo-realistn ( defensive variant )

Question 29

why does neo-realist think that uncertainty leads to war

Answer 29

aggressor are permitted an opportunity to act ( miscalculation )

Question 30

what does Kenneth Waltz think about bipolarity system

Answer 30

bipolarity is most stable, predictability, can count the number of states therefore restraint