neo-realism Flashcards
neo-realism is a evolution of what
classic realism
who developed Neo-realism
Kenneth Waltz
what are the two variant of NR
defensive and offensive
who talked about offensive NR
Mearsheimer
what is defensive NR
states seek security
what is offensive NR
states seek power
bipolar system reduces the likelihood of what
NR
war; less miscalculation, less chain-ganging
who talked about the endowment effect
Joseph Grieco
what is the endowment effect
states are risk acceptant ( aggressive ) with regard to recapturing losses, and risks averse ( afraid )with regard to capturing gain.
what is the security dilemma
many of the means by which a state tries to increase its security decrease the security of others
what are the two paradoxe of the security dilemma
- attempts to increase your security by increasing your power may actually decrease your security
- may inadvertently aggravate their relation, increase their security by decreasing power
what is the alternative perspective of the security dilemma
war is caused by aggressive states( challenger states ) and failure of status-quo to defend themselves
why is the challenger states the weaker
because the most powerful states shape the international system and than try to protect it as status quo
what is the dependent variable
( effect ) worsening or improving security dilemma
what are the two possible independent variable that affects the security dilemma
- whether the offense or the defense has the advantages
2. whether defensive weapons and policies can be distinguished form offensive ones
definition of offensive advantage
it is easier to destroy the opponent army and take its territory than it is to defend ones own ( tanks )
definition of defensive advantage
it is harder to destroy the opponents army and take its territory than it is to defend ones own ( fort )
who typically purchase weapons to overturn the status quo
aggressor
what can happen when status quo states can’t identify other status quo states or aggressor
unintended war
who introduced offensive realism
Mearsheimer
what are the two assumption of offensive realism
- states have offensive military capability
2. states seek power rather than security
what does offensive realism reject
the security dilemma
what are the argument for offensive realism
- because of water, global hegemony is impossible but regional hegemony is attainable
- states are risk acceptant and will make war when they have the possibility to achieve regional hegemony
- regional hegemony play the role of offshore balancers in other regions where allies can challenge potential regional hegemony by bringing the water barrier
- regional hegemons will jealously exclude other regional hegemons form their own region
does uncertainty causes opportunism or..
caution
fight between multipolar system and
bipolar system
classical realist think that uncertainty leads to
peace
why classical realist think that uncertainty leads to peace
- because of third party, not easy to calculate ( waterbird dilemma )
- cross-cutting pressures; self-balancing system, reduced allocation of attention
- certainty- opportunist will attack, uncertainty- aggressor think twice, so multipolar create peace
who think that uncertainty leads to war
neo-realistn ( defensive variant )
why does neo-realist think that uncertainty leads to war
aggressor are permitted an opportunity to act ( miscalculation )
what does Kenneth Waltz think about bipolarity system
bipolarity is most stable, predictability, can count the number of states therefore restraint
