Heart Values and the Relationship between them Flashcards

1
Q

What is cardiac output (Q) ?

A

The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minute

Measured in - ml/min

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is cardiac output calculated?

A

Stroke volume x heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is stroke volume (SV) ?

A

The volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per beat

Measured in - ml

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is ejection fraction?

A

Proportion of blood leaving the left ventricle per beat

Ratio of the volume of blood ejected to the volume of blood in the chamber at the end of relaxation

EF = SV/EDV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is heart rate (HR) ?

A

The number of times the heart beats per minute (bpm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a normal resting heart rate for a normal person?

A

72bpm

Vary between 60-90 (bpm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does a trained individuals heart values differ to an untrained person?

A

Trained Individual:
- Lower resting heart rate (below 60bpm - bradycardia)
- Cardiac hypertrophy causes a greater stroke volume
- Cardiac output is similar but the trained athlete’s heart will work work less (fewer beats) as it has higher stroke volume.
- Heart doesn’t work as hard and therefore doesn’t demand as much oxygen, meaning more oxygen can go to working muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is cardiac hypertrophy achieved?

A

Endurance training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Starling’s Law?

A

Starling’s law states that the greater the venous return, the greater the strength of contraction of the heart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is maximal heart rate calculated?

A

220 - age

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does cardiac output increase during exercise for untrained individuals?

A

The untrained individual needs to increase cardiac output, which can only be achieved by increasing heart rate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does cardiac output change during exercise for trained individuals?

A

The trained individual has a greater blood volume. Venous return is therefore greater during exercise, meaning that there is stronger force of contraction. This results in a greater ejection fraction. Heart rate does not need to increase as much as it does in an untrained individual.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens to cardiac output at sub-maximal exercise?

A

Sub-maximal exercise will see a plateau in cardiac output when a steady state is reached as the cardiovascular system is able to supply the working muscles with adequate oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What happens to cardiac output at maximal exercise?

A

Maximal exercise will result in a greater cardiac output than sub-maximal exercise and this will peak and then rapidly decline as maximal exercise cannot be sustained.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly