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PE Section A > Energy For Exercise > Flashcards

Energy For Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate

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2
Q

What is ATP?

A

ATP is the primary energy source for the human body. Energy is produced from ATP when the adenosine and three phosphate molecules are broken down.

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3
Q

What enzyme breaks down the last high-energy bond of ATP?

A

ATPase is an enzyme that breaks the last high-energy bond of ATP.

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4
Q

What happens to ATP after ATPase breaks down the last high-energy bond of ATP?

A

It becomes ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)

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5
Q

What are the nutrients we get from food stored as?

A

The nutrients we get from food are stored as a high energy compound known as ATP.

This is broken down and rest the sides to continually supply us with energy for exercise.

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6
Q

ATP breakdown formula

A

ATP = ADP + P + Energy

Exothermic reaction

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7
Q

In order for ATP resynthesis to happen, what energy is used?

A

In order for ATP resynthesis to happen, energy is used from the ATP-PC system.

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8
Q

ATP Resynthesis formula

A

Energy + ADP + P = ATP

Endothermic reaction

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9
Q

The ATP cycle

A

ATP is used for energy usage for muscular contractions and thermoregulation.

This then becomes ADP + Pi

Which turns energy sources such as carbs, proteins, lipids back into ATP

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10
Q

What is the ATP-PC system?

A

This is an anaerobic energy system which provides energy for 10-15 seconds of high-intensity exercise.

The energy released when PC is broken down into phosphate and creatine molecules is used to resynthesise ATP from ADP + P

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11
Q

What enzyme breaks down phosphocreatine?

A

Creatine kinase

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12
Q

What is the glycolytic system?

A

This energy system produces energy in the form of ATP by breaking down glucose into pyruvic acid which then gets converted into the by-product lactic acids when oxygen is not available.

Produces 2 ATP

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13
Q

What enzyme breaks glycogen down into glucose?

A

Glycogen phosphorylase

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14
Q

What enzyme breaks glucose down into pyruvic acid?

A

Phosphofuctokinase

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15
Q

What enzyme breaks pyruvic acid down into lactic acid?

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

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16
Q

What is the aerobic system?

A

If oxygen is available, the pyruvic acid produced through glycolysis is converted to ACETYL COENZYME A

Enters the KREBS CYCLE

Produces 2 ATP, CO2 and Hydrogen

CO2 & H carried to the electron transport chain by NAD+ and FAD

Produces 34 ATP and H20

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17
Q

What happens at the electron transport chain?

A

Hydrogen split into H+ (proton) and H- (electron)

H- electrons undergo redox reactions producing energy for ATP resynthesis

H+ protons also create energy

Exothermic reactions of H and O2

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18
Q

What type of reaction is the ATP-PC system?

A

ATP-PC system is an anaerobic reaction

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19
Q

What chemical/fuel is used for the ATP-PC system?

A

Phosphocreatine (PC)

20
Q

At what site does the ATP-PC system take place?

A

Sarcoplasm

21
Q

What is the ATP yield of the ATP-PC system?

A

1 ATP

22
Q

What are the by-products of the ATP-PC system?

A

ATP + Pi

23
Q

What type of reaction is glycolysis (glycolytic system)?

A

O2 present = aerobic
No O2 present = anaerobic

24
Q

What chemical/fuel is used for glycolysis?

A

Glucose

25
Q

Where does glycolysis take place (site)?

A

Sarcoplasm

26
Q

What is the ATP yield of glycolisis?

A

2

27
Q

What are the by-products of glycolysis?

A

NADH

28
Q

What type of reaction is the aerobic system?

A

Aerobic

29
Q

What chemical/fuel is used for the aerobic system?

A

Pyruvate

30
Q

Where does the aerobic system reaction take place?

A

Mitochondria

31
Q

What are the controlling enzymes for the aerobic system?

A

Lipase
Phosphofructokinase
Glycogen phosphorylase

32
Q

What is the ATP yield of the aerobic energy system?

A

Glycolysis = 2
KREBS cycle = 2
ETC = 34

Total = 38

33
Q

What are the by-products of the aerobic energy system?

A

CO2 + H20

34
Q

How long does it take for the aerobic energy system to recover?

A

24 hours

35
Q

How long does it take for the glycotic system to recover?

A

20 mins to 2 hours

36
Q

How long does it take for the ATP-PC system to recover?

A

2-3 mins

37
Q

How are energy systems affected by fitness levels?

A

The higher the aerobic fitness levels, the longer the time spent using the ATP-PC system and glycolytic energy systems.

38
Q

How long does the glycotic energy system provide energy for?

A

30s - 2mins

39
Q

What is EPOC?

A

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

Oxygen that that is being consumed for recovery after exercise has finished

40
Q

What is the oxygen deficit?

A

At the start of aerobic exercise there is an oxygen deficit as there is not enough oxygen available to produce the energy required. This is repaid after exercise by EPOC.

41
Q

What are the downsides of anaerobic energy systems?

A

Lactate accumulation which can exceed the lactate threshold and lead to OBLA.

42
Q

What is OBLA

A

A level of lactate accumulation which causes fatigue.

43
Q

What is VO2 max affected by?

A

• weight
• gender
• height
• training status
• fat mass

44
Q

How can energy expenditure be measured?

A
  • Indirect calorimetry
  • Lactate sampling
  • VO2 max test
  • Respiratory exchange ratio (RER)
45
Q
A

PE Section A (24 decks)

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