heart TBL

Question 1

pulmonary circuit

Answer 1

right side of the heart
receives deoxygenated blood from the body tissues and takes the blood to the lungs to pick up 02 and release c02
consists of the blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs

Question 2

systemic circuit

Answer 2

left side of the heart
receives oxygenated blood returning from the lungs and takes blood thru the body to supply oxygen and nutrients to body tissues
consists of the blood vessels that carry blood to and from the tissues

Question 3

the heart is located in the

Answer 3

mediastinum
the medial cavity of the thorax
mass of tissue that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column of the lungs

Question 4

amount of the heart that lies to the left of the midsternal line

Answer 4

2/3

Question 5

function of the fibrous pericardium

Answer 5

tough dens connective tissue

• protects the heart
• anchors it to surrounding structures
• prevents overfilling of the heart with blood

Question 6

serous pericardium

Answer 6

deep to the fibrous percardiium
thin slippery 2 layer membrane that forms a closed sac around the heart
PARIETAL LAYER lines the interior surface of the fibrous pericardium; attaches at superior margin of the heart to the large arteries exciting the heart
turns inferiorly and continues over external surface to form the
VISCERAL LAYER external heart surface; integral part of the heart wall

Question 7

what makes up the cardiac skeleton

Answer 7

dense network of fibrous collagen/elastic CT fibers
thicker in some places than others
forms rope like rings that provide additional support where great vessels emerge+ around the heart valves for support
reinforces the myocardium
anchors cardiac muscle fibers
not electrically excitable-limits the spread of action potential to spec pathways
acts as a tendon insertion that gives cells something to exert force against (support)

Question 8

interatrial septum

Answer 8

divides heart longitudinally by separates atriaa

Question 9

interventricular septum

Answer 9

divides heart longitudinally by separates ventricles

Question 10

coronary sulcus

Answer 10

atrioventricular groove

encircles the junction of the atria and ventricles like a crown

Question 11

anterior interventricular sulcus

Answer 11

cradles the anterior interventricular artery and marks the anterior position of the septum separating the right and left ventricles

Question 12

posterior interventricular sulcus

Answer 12

similar landmarks on the posterioinferior surfaces

Question 13

auricles

Answer 13

small wrinkled protruding appendages on the hearts surface that increase the atrial volume somewhat

Question 14

pectinate muscles

Answer 14

internal ridges in the right atrium formed by bundles of smooth muscle that look like comb teeth

Question 15

crista terminales

Answer 15

c shaped ridge that separates the posterior/anterior regions of the right atruim

Question 16

in the left atrium pectinate is only in

Answer 16

The auricles

Question 17

fossa ovalis

Answer 17

shallow depression of the left atriums inter atrial septum that marks the spot whre the foramen ovale existed in the fetal heart

Question 18

superior vena cava

Answer 18

takes blood to the right atria from body regions superior to the diaphragm

Question 19

inferior vena cava

Answer 19

takes blood to the right atrium from the body below the diaphragm

Question 20

coronary sinus

Answer 20

takes blood to the right atrium that was collected draining from the myocardium

Question 21

4 pulmonary veins enter the left atrium transporting blood from the

Answer 21

lungs to the heart

Question 22

trabeculae carneae

Answer 22

irregular ridges of muscle that mark the internal walls of the ventricle chamber

Question 23

papillary muscles

Answer 23

cone like muscle bundles that project into the ventricular cavity and play a role in valve

Question 24

ventricles

Answer 24

discharging chambers/pumps

have more massive walls

Question 25

pulmonary trunk

Answer 25

right ventricle pumps blood here and it is routed to the lungs for gas exchange

Question 26

aorta

Answer 26

receives blood form the left ventricle

Question 27

atrioventricular valves

Answer 27

located at each atrioventricular junction to prevent backflow into the atria when ventricles contract

Question 28

tricuspid AV valve

Answer 28

right av valve

has 3 flexible cusps/flaps of endocardium reinforced by CT

Question 29

mitral AV valve

Answer 29

left bicuspid av valve

2 cusps resemble 2 sided bishops hat

Question 30

chordae tendineae

Answer 30

tiny white collagen cords attached to each
av valve flap (heart strings)
anchor the cusps to the papillary muscles protruding from the ventricular walls in closed position

Question 31

semilunar valves

Answer 31

aortic/pulmonary
guard the bases of the large arteries issueing from the ventricles (aorta/pulmonary trunk) and prevent backflow into the assoc ventricles
each fashioned from 3 pocketlike cusps shaped like a crescent moon
open and close in response to pressure difference
-open when ventricles contract and there is an increase in intraventricular pressure
-close ventricles relax, blood flows backwards to the heart and fills cusps