Heart Sounds Flashcards
What is the common cause of mitral stenosis?
Rheumatic fever.
What are some other causes of mitral stenosis?
- Congenital
- SLE
- RA
What are some complications of mitral stenosis?
- AF
- Embolism
- Infective endocarditis
What sort of murmur would you get with mitral stenosis?
- Mid-diastolic murmur +/- Apical rumbling
- Loud first heart sound
- Tapping apex
In what types of conditions is a mitral valve prolapse idiopathic?
Connective tissue disorders (e.g. Marfan’s, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome)
If a patient has a mitral valve prolapse and do not have a connective tissue disorder, how else might they acquire it?
Ischaemic heart disease
When would someone with a mitral valve prolapse need to be referred to a cardiologist?
When they have associated mitral regurgitation.
What sort of murmur would you get with a mitral valve prolapse?
- Mid systolic click
- Apical blowing late systolic murmur
- Radiates to the axilla
What sort of murmur would you get with aortic stenosis?
- Loud ejection systolic murmur
- Area: Upper right sternal edge. (Aortic area)
- Radiation: Carotids.
- Associated: Slow rising carotid pulse
What are the 3 causes of aortic stenosis?
- Congenital bicuspid valve
- Rheumatic fever
- Senile calcification
What is the classic triad of aortic stenosis?
- Chest pain
- Heart failure
- Syncope
What sort of murmur would you get with aortic regurgitation?
- Early diastolic murmur
- Area: aortic area
- Associated features: head loudest with patient sitting forward in expiration.
What can cause aortic regurgitation?
- Marfan’s syndrome
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- RA
- SLE
- HTN
What murmur is a machinery like murmur in children?
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Are most PDA murmurs symptomatic or asymptomatic?
Asymptomatic
What you might find in the history of a patient who has a PDA?
- Premature birth
- Perinatal distress
- Born at extreme altitude
- Failure to thrive
- Low birth weight
What can be used to close the PDA if not other heart abnormalities?
Indomethacin
What are some features of severe aortic sttenosis?
- Narrow pulse pressure
- Slow rising pulse
- Delayed ESM
- Soft/Absent S2
- Thrill
- LVH or LVF
