Heart Murmurs Flashcards
“Machine gun murmur”
Patent ductus arterious (PDA)
Ejection systolic murmur which radiates to the carotids is associated with what murmur?
Aortic stenosis
Soft S2 murmur
Aortic stenosis
Slow rising pulse, narrow pulse pressure
Aortic stenosis
Main cause of aortic stenosis OVER 65
degenerative calcification
Main cause of aortic stenosis UNDER 65
congenital bicuspid valve
Causes of Aortic stenosis
degenerative calcification (>65),
congenital bicuspid valve (<65),
rheumatic disease,
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Treatment of Aortic regurgitation
Valve replacement.
TAVI if unsuitable for surgery
Early diastolic murmur
Aortic regurgitation
Bounding/collapsing pulse
Aortic regurgitation
Murmur heard L sternal angle, 4th intercostal space, with patient leaning forward.
Aortic stenosis
Aortic stenosis manoeuvre is done using what side of the stethoscope?
Diaphragm (bigger side)
What murmurs are associated with a displaced apex?
Aortic stenosis
Mitral regurgitation
(ejection systolic)
Causes of Aortic regurgitation
rheumatic fever (females), Infective endocarditis, UC (rare), Marfan's (rare), SLE (rare)
Treatment of Aortic stenosis
treat underlying condition
valve replacement
Pathophysiology of Aortic stenosis
Reflux of blood from aorta through aortic valve into LV during diastole
Malar flush
Mitral stenosis
Tapping apex
Mitral stenosis
Raised JVP
Mitral stenosis
mid-late diastolic murmur
Mitral stenosis
Murmur heard at apex when patient is lying on left side
Mitral stenosis
Mitral stenosis manoeuvre is done with using what side of the stethoscope
Bell (smaller side)
Loud S1 murmur with opening snap
Mitral stenosis
Cause of Mitral stenosis
Rheumatic disease
Treatment of Mitral stenosis
anticoagulants (risk of emboli)
Valve replacement
balloon valvotomy
Murmur associated with AF
Mitral stenosis
Pan-systolic murmur
Mitral Regurgitation
Murmur radiates to axilla
Mitral Regurgitation
Prominent 3rd heart sound
Mitral Regurgitation
Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
rheumatic disease (most common) calcification
Treatment of Mitral Regurgitation
Valve replacement
Diuretic + ACEI if unsuitable for surgery
