Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Cardio - mine > Blood pressure > Flashcards

Blood pressure Flashcards

1
Q

what is stage 1 hypertension

A

clinical BP = 140/90 with ABMP or HBPM average BP = 135/85

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is stage 2 hypertension

A

clinic BP = 160/100 with ABMP or HBPM average BP = 150/95

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is stage 3 hypertension

A

clinic systolic > 180

clinic diastolic >110

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

if clinic BP is 140/90 or higher what should be done next

A

take a second measurement
offer ABMP to confirm diagnosis
offer HBPM is ABMP can’t be tolerated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how is HBPM measured

A

two consecutive measurements are taken at least 1 min apart with the person seated

BP is recorded twice a day, ideally morning and night for minimum 4 days, ideally 7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is stage 3 hypertension also known as

A

severe hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what should be done if a patient has suspected severe hypertension

A

start anti-hypertensives immediately while waiting for results of ABPM/HBPM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what should be done while awaiting confirmation of hypertension

A

investigations of target organ damage (e.g LV hypertrophy, CKD, hypertensive retinopathy)

formal assessment of cardiovascular risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the first line treatment for a patient under 55 who is white

A

ACEI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what can ACEI be substituted for if it isn’t tolerated

A

ARB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the most common side effect for ACEI

A

dry cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

give examples of ACEIs

A

lisinopril, ramipril

ends “-pril”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

give examples of ARBs

A

losartan, valsartan

ends “-sartan”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the side effect of ARBS

A

increase in blood potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the first line treatment for a black patient

A

Ca+ channel blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the first line of treatment for a patient >55

A

Ca+ channel blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the side effect of Ca+ channel blocker

A

swollen feet/ankles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

give examples of Ca+ channel blocker

A

amlodipine, diltiazem, verapamil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the 2nd line of treatment

A

Ca+ channel blocker and ACEI/ARB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what is the 3rd line of treatment

A

Ca+ channel blocker and ACEI/ARB and thiazide-diuretic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is the 4th line of treatment

A

refer to expert

add alpha or beta blocker

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what type of hypertension would require a 4th step

A

resistant hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

give examples of thiazide diuretics

A

hydrochlorthiazide
indapamide
chlorthalidone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what are the common side effects of thiazide diuretics

A

GOUT, INCREASED URINATION, low sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
what are the common side effects of alpha blockers
low BP | dizziness
26
give examples of alpha blockers
prazocin | doxazocin
27
what are common side effects of beta blockers
fatigue | depression
28
give examples of beta blockers
metoprolol atenolol ends "-olol"
29
what is essential hypertension
hypertension of unknown cause
30
what is secondary hypertension
hypertension resulting from a specific and potentially treatable cause
31
what is used to confirm white coat hypertension
AMBP
32
what non-pharmalogical interventions are recommended for hypertension
``` BMI<25 low fat and Na diet limit alcohol intake increase fruit, veg, and oily fish stop smoking ```
33
what is the mechanism of action of ACEI
inhibits the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
34
what is the mechanism of action of ARB
blocks the effects of angiotensin 2 at the AT1 receptor
35
how can MAP be calculated
diastolic + 1/3 (systolic - diastolic) [(2 x diastolic) + systolic]/3
36
what is a normal MAP
70-105
37
what is a normal systolic
<140
38
what is a normal diastolic
<90
39
what is pulse pressure
difference between systolic and diastolic BP
40
what are the main resistance vessels
arterioles
41
where are baroreceptors located
carotid bifurcation and the aortic arch
42
what are baroreceptors important for
moment-to-moment BP regulation
43
what is the baroreceptor reflex to DECREASED BP
decreased baroreceptor firing which: decreases vagal activity and increases sympathetic activity + constrictor tone this causes: increased HR, SV and vasoconstriction
44
what is the baroreceptor reflex to INCREASED BP
increased baroreceptor firing which: increases vagal activity and decreased sympathetic activity + contractor tone this causes: decreased HR, SV, and vasodilation
45
what are the 3 hormone pathways which control BP
RAAS ADH (vasopressin) NP
46
briefly describe the RAAS pathway
renin is released and causes angiotensinogen to be converted to angiotensin 1. this is then converted to angiotensin 2 by ACE. angiotensin 2 stimulates release of aldosterone.
47
what is the rate limiting step in the RAAS pathway
renin secretion
48
where is renin released from (RAAS pathway)
the kidney
49
what is the role of renin (RAAS pathway)
converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin 1
50
where is angiotensinogen produced (RAAS pathway)
the liver
51
where is angiotensin 1 formed (RAAS pathway)
the blood
52
where is ACE produced (RAAS pathway)
pulmonary vascular endothelium (lungs)
53
what is the role of ACE (RAAS pathway)
converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2
54
what does angiotensin 2 do (RAAS pathway)
stimulates aldosterone release vasoconstriction increases thirst increased ADH release
55
where is aldosterone produced
adrenal cortex
56
what does aldosterone do (RAAS pathway)
increases BP increased plasma volume increased Na and H20 reabsorption in kidneys
57
what does NP (natriuretic peptide) do
causes excretion of salt and water via the kidneys = decreases blood volume and BP
58
what are the 2 types of NPs, where are the located
atrial NP = stored in atrial muscle cells brain-type NP = synthesised by heart ventricles, brain, and other organs
59
what systems acts as a counter-regulatory system for RAAS, how?
NP, decreases renin release
60
where is ADH synthesised and stored
``` synthesised = hypothalamus stored = pituitary gland ```
61
what does ADH do
increases reabsorption of water (increases plasma volume + BP) causes vasoconstriction

Cardio - mine (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions