Congenital Heart disease Flashcards
Most common malformation
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Pan-systolic murmur
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
High pulmonary BP
Ventricular septal defect (VSD)
Treatment of Ventricular septal defect
SMALL = close spontaneously LARGE = surgery
Pathophysiology of Ventricular septal defect
LV pressure > RV pressure causing a L to R shunt which increases pulmonary pressure
What is associated with Einsenmenger’s complex ?
Ventricular septal defect
What is Einsenmenger’s complex?
Pulmonary pressure gets so high that a R to L shunt occurs
Ventricular septal defect increases future risk of what?
Infective endocarditis
Aortic regurgitation
Pathophysiology of Atrial septal defect
LV pressure > RV pressure causing a L to R shunt which increases pulmonary pressure
Location of sinus venous defect (type of ASD)
near SVC OR near IVC
Location of ostium scandium defect (type of ASD)
mid septum, fossa ovalis
Location of premium defect (type of ASD)
lower part of atrial septum
“machine gun” murmur
Patent ductus arterious
Bounding pulse
Patent ductus arterious
Pathophysiology of Patent ductus arterious
persistent communication between the pulmonary artery and the descending aorta causing a L to R shunt
Treatment of Patent ductus arterious
Immature = indomethacin >5yrs = surgery
What defect is associated with Turner’s syndrome (1X chromosome)
Coarctation of the aorta
bicuspid aortic valve
Coarctation of the aorta
diminished/absent peripheral pulses
Coarctation of the aorta
Rib-notching
Coarctation of the aorta
Pathophysiology of Coarctation of the aorta
Narrowing of aorta at, or just distal to the insertion of the ductus arterious causing severe obstruction of blood flow in the descending aorta
Treatment of Coarctation of the aorta
surgery
When would Coarctation of the aorta require treatment?
If pressure gradient >30mmHg
Cyanosis
Tetralogy of Fallot
Transposition of the great vessels
Squatting
Tetralogy of Fallot
Pathophysiology of Tetralogy of Fallot
This involves VSD + overriding aorta + RV outflow obstruction + RV hypertrophy, causing increased R pressure leading to a R to L shunt
Treatment of Tetralogy of Fallot
surgery ASAP
Incompatible with life
Transposition of the great vessels
Tetralogy of Fallot (unless surgery is undertaken immediately)
Pathophysiology of Transposition of the great vessels
RV gives rise to the aorta and the LV gives rise to the pulmonary artery
Symptom of R to L shunt
cyanosis
