Cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, pericarditis etc Flashcards
what is cardiomyopathy
ANY disease of the cardiac muscles
how many types of cardiomyopathy are there, what are they
- restrictive (stiff)
- dilated (weak/flabby)
- hypertrophic (muscle bound)
how can dilated cardiomyopathy be described
“big heart”
what are the symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy
general cardiac ones: SOB, decreased exercise tolerance, decreased cardiac output
what are the causes of dilated cardiomyopathy
genetic (50%)
alcoholism
infection (rare)
pregnancy (rare)
how can hypertrophic cardiomyopathy be described
“big heart in athletes”
what sort of person commonly gets hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
athletes
describe the physiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
causes systolic dysfunction meaning the heart can’t relax leading to a outflow obstruction resulting in sudden death
what is the cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
genetic
how does hypertrophic cardiomyopathy affect the heart anatomy
bulging inter-ventricular septum
outflow tract obstruction
LV luminal reduction
how can restrictive cardiomyopathy be described
“stiff heart”
how would a heart with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy look
normal
describe the physiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
bilateral dilation results in lack of compliance
causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
(deposition of something) sarcoidosis tumour scarring/fibrosis from radiation amyloid
what is an amyloid
abnormal deposition of abnormal protein
what is arrhythogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVC)
Rv is largely replaced by fat
how could a heart with ARVC be described
big and floppy
what is the cause of ARVC
genetic, autosomal dominant with low penetrance
symptoms of ARVC
range of non-specific features
syncope and funny turns
arrhythmia
sudden death
what is myocarditis
inflammation of the heart
how many different types of myocarditis are there, what are they
- infectious
2. noninfectious
how would you describe a heart with infectious myocarditis
thicken, BEEFY myocardium
causes of infectious myocarditis
viral (most common) = ECHO virus
chaga’s disease
lyme’s disease
HIV
causes of non-infectious myocarditis
(hypersensitivity reactions)
rheumatic fever following strep throat
SLE
what is eosinophilic myocarditis
hypersensitivity to drugs
what occurs in rheumatic fever
thickening and fusion of valve leaflets
what are aschoff bodies associated with
rheumatic fever
what murmur does rheumatic fever cause
mitral stenosis
describe the inflammation in rheumatic fever
patchy, on the myocardium
what is pericarditis
inflammation of pericardial layers
causes of pericarditis
infection rheumatic fever renal failure (uraemia pericarditis) dressler's syndrome SLE
complications of pericarditis
percardial effusion
tamponade
cardiac failure
restrictive pericarditis (due to tuberculous pericarditis)
what is dressler’s syndrome, when does it occur
occurs in the weeks post MI
heart muscle relaxes and releases previously encountered material which results in an immune response
