Cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, pericarditis etc

Question 1

what is cardiomyopathy

Answer 1

ANY disease of the cardiac muscles

Question 2

how many types of cardiomyopathy are there, what are they

Answer 2

1. restrictive (stiff)
2. dilated (weak/flabby)
3. hypertrophic (muscle bound)

Question 3

how can dilated cardiomyopathy be described

Answer 3

“big heart”

Question 4

what are the symptoms of dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 4

general cardiac ones: SOB, decreased exercise tolerance, decreased cardiac output

Question 5

what are the causes of dilated cardiomyopathy

Answer 5

genetic (50%)
alcoholism
infection (rare)
pregnancy (rare)

Question 6

how can hypertrophic cardiomyopathy be described

Answer 6

“big heart in athletes”

Question 7

what sort of person commonly gets hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 7

athletes

Question 8

describe the physiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 8

causes systolic dysfunction meaning the heart can’t relax leading to a outflow obstruction resulting in sudden death

Question 9

what is the cause of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 9

genetic

Question 10

how does hypertrophic cardiomyopathy affect the heart anatomy

Answer 10

bulging inter-ventricular septum
outflow tract obstruction
LV luminal reduction

Question 11

how can restrictive cardiomyopathy be described

Answer 11

“stiff heart”

Question 12

how would a heart with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy look

Answer 12

normal

Question 13

describe the physiology of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 13

bilateral dilation results in lack of compliance

Question 14

causes of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Answer 14

(deposition of something)
sarcoidosis
tumour
scarring/fibrosis from radiation
amyloid

Question 15

what is an amyloid

Answer 15

abnormal deposition of abnormal protein

Question 16

what is arrhythogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVC)

Answer 16

Rv is largely replaced by fat

Question 17

how could a heart with ARVC be described

Answer 17

big and floppy

Question 18

what is the cause of ARVC

Answer 18

genetic, autosomal dominant with low penetrance

Question 19

symptoms of ARVC

Answer 19

range of non-specific features
syncope and funny turns
arrhythmia
sudden death

Question 20

what is myocarditis

Answer 20

inflammation of the heart

Question 21

how many different types of myocarditis are there, what are they

Answer 21

1. infectious

2. noninfectious

Question 22

how would you describe a heart with infectious myocarditis

Answer 22

thicken, BEEFY myocardium

Question 23

causes of infectious myocarditis

Answer 23

viral (most common) = ECHO virus
chaga’s disease
lyme’s disease
HIV

Question 24

causes of non-infectious myocarditis

Answer 24

(hypersensitivity reactions)
rheumatic fever following strep throat
SLE

Question 25

what is eosinophilic myocarditis

Answer 25

hypersensitivity to drugs

Question 26

what occurs in rheumatic fever

Answer 26

thickening and fusion of valve leaflets

Question 27

what are aschoff bodies associated with

Answer 27

rheumatic fever

Question 28

what murmur does rheumatic fever cause

Answer 28

mitral stenosis

Question 29

describe the inflammation in rheumatic fever

Answer 29

patchy, on the myocardium

Question 30

what is pericarditis

Answer 30

inflammation of pericardial layers

Question 31

causes of pericarditis

Answer 31

``` infection rheumatic fever renal failure (uraemia pericarditis) dressler's syndrome SLE ```

Question 32

complications of pericarditis

Answer 32

percardial effusion tamponade cardiac failure restrictive pericarditis (due to tuberculous pericarditis)

Question 33

what is dressler's syndrome, when does it occur

Answer 33

occurs in the weeks post MI heart muscle relaxes and releases previously encountered material which results in an immune response