Heart failure Flashcards
how can heart failure be classified (2 ways)
way 1: L HF, R HF, Mixed HF
way 2: acute or chronic
what causes the signs and symptoms
fluid retention
what is L sided HF due to
IHD (due to previous MI)
cardiomyopathy
valvular disease
what is R sided HF due to
secondary to L HF
cor pulmonale (end stage of COPD)
congenital heart disease
symptoms of L sided HF
SOB
orthopnoea (SOB lying down)
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea (SOB which wakes them up)
Pulmonary oedema
signs of L sided HF
tachycardia fine crepitations pleural effusion 3rd HR sound gallop rhythm = 3rd sound + tachy
CXR of L sided HF
cardiomegaly "bat wing shadow" = perihilar oedema interstitial fluid "kerley B lines" blunt costophrenic angles
symptoms of R sided HF
oedema (ankle/sacral)
acites
signs of R sided HF
Elevated JVP
hepatomegaly
ascites
CXR of R sided HF
normal
treatment of HF caused by Cor pulmonale
diuretics
oxygen
treatment of HF caused by valvular disease
surgery
treatment of HF caused by AF
digoxin
DC shock
standard treatment of HF
diuretics ACE I B-blockers spironolactone (if severe) digoxin (if AF is also present) implantable defib transplant
treatment of HF caused by previous MI
standard treatment of HF:
diuretics ACE I B-blockers spironolactone (if severe) digoxin implantable defib transplant
treatment of HF caused by cardiomyopathies
standard treatment of HF:
diuretics ACE I B-blockers spironolactone (if severe) digoxin implantable defib transplant
what diuretic is normally used in HF
loop diuretic e.g. furosemide
what diuretic is used for mild HF
thiazide
acute LVF treatment
sit up
oxygen
IV furosemide
IV diamorphine
what is heart failure
the inability of the heart to pump adequate amounts of blood to meet the body’s oxygen and nutrient needs
end stage of any heart issue
what is systolic HF
inability of the heart to contract efficiently enough to pump blood around the body
what is diastolic HF
reduced heart compliance, impaired ventricle filling
what will L HF lead to
pulmonary congestion then fluid build up then oedema
pulmonary hypertension
RHF
what is congestive HF
failure of BOTH sides of the heart
what is acute HF
acute onset of HF symptoms, usually brought on by an acute event like MI
what is chronic HF
slow progressive HF due to an underlying cause
what symptoms are caused by HF of BOTH sides
fatigue
weight loss
wheeze
pulsus alterans = pulse varies between weak and strong
what investigations are used for HF
bloods - anaemia ECG echo angiograph - assess ischaemic disease CXR pulmonary function test
bat wing shadow
L HF
kerley B lines
L HF
