Heart failure Flashcards
what is HFrEF also known as?
left-sided heart failure
what is HFpEF also known as?
right-sided heart failure
what is left heart failure associated with?
edema in the lungs
what is right heart failure associated with?
edema in the periphery
what HF stage are patients at high risk for heart failure but without symptoms or structural heart disease or biomarkers of stretch or injury (patients with HTN or CAD)?
stage A
what HF stage are patients with structural heart disease or cardiac biomarkers but asymptomatic?
stage B
what HF stage are patients who have current or prior symptoms of heart failure associated with structural heart disease?
stage C
what HF stage are patients with refractory heart failure requiring specialized interventions?
stage D
what is the real culprit in heart failure?
LV dysfunction that leads to cardiac compensation
how does the heart compensate in LV dysfunction?
increases HR
increases cardiac output
in LV dysfunction, when the heart compensates by increasing HR and CO, what does it also increase, which leads to heart failure?
increases TPR
increases afterload
how does the renal system compensate in LV dysfunction?
activates RAAS to increase aldosterone = increased Na and H2O retention
what can be used to reverse angioedema caused by an ACEI?
Epinephrine
what can hypokalemia increase the risk of?
arrhythmias
what is an antibody specific for digoxin toxicity?
digoxin immune fab
