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Trichology > Heart And Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Heart And Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the cavity in which the heart is located?

A

The mediastinal cavity of the thorax

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2
Q

What surrounds the heart and why is positioned there?

A

The pericardium, it prevents over expansion.

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3
Q

What is the hearts primary function?

A

To drive blood through the cardiovascular system, delivering oxygenated blood to the tissues and organs, sufficient for their metabolic needs, before it is sent (oxygen depleted) back to the lungs for re-oxygenation.

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4
Q

What separates the left and right sides of the heart?

A

The cardiac septum

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5
Q

What blood does the right side of the heart work with and where does it send the blood?

A

Venous, to the lungs for re-oxygenation.

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6
Q

What blood does the left side work with and where does it send the blood?

A

Arterial, around the body delivering necessary nutrients to the organs.

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7
Q

What is the name of the specialist group of cardiac cells which work as an electrical conduction system?

A

The sinoatrial node (SAN)

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8
Q

What works with the SAN as a booster to ensure the electrical impulses released, are delivered to the lower areas of the heart?

A

The atrioventricular node (AVN)

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9
Q

What are the names of the 2 types of blood circulation?

A

Systemic and pulmonary

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10
Q

What is another name used when referring to the group of cells known as the AVN?

A

The bundle of HIS

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11
Q

What is the term used for the special myocardium which are designed especially for electric conduction?

A

The Perkinje fibres

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12
Q

Once the blood leaves the left ventricle where does it travel?

A

Leaves the LV
Aorta
Around the body
Venae Cavae
RA
RV
Pulmonary Artery
Lungs
Pulmonary veins
LA

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13
Q

How many valves are in the heart?
Name them and their functions.

A

4

2 x atrioventricular valves

The mitral/bicuspid valve - controls the directional flow of blood between the left and right ventricle

The tricuspid valve - controls the flow between the left and right atrium

2 x semilunar valves

The aortic valve - controls the flow between the LV and the aorta

The pulmonary valve - controls the flow between the RV and the pulmonary artery

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14
Q

What are the terms used to describe the contracting and relaxing of the myocardial walls?

A

Systole and Diastole.

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15
Q

Explain Systole

A

The phase where the myocardial walls contract to pump blood out of the heart chambers.

Ventricular systole: the ventricles contract to push blood into the aorta and the pulmonary arteries.

Atrial systole: the atria contract to fill the ventricles with blood.

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16
Q

Explain Diastole

A

The phase where the myocardial walls relax, allowing the heart chambers to fill with blood.

Ventricular diastole allows the ventricles to fill from the atria, whereas atrial diastole allows the atria to receive blood from the venous system.

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17
Q

Explain the Systemic cycle

A

The blood travels from the LV through the aortic semilunar valve, perfusing the whole body from the brain down to the feet, with the exception of the lungs

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18
Q

Explain the pulmonary cycle

A

The blood is ejected from the RV through the pulmonary semilunar valve, along the pulmonary artery and to the lungs for re-oxygenation.

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19
Q

Explain the difference between arteries and veins.

A

Arteries move blood away from the heart, their flow is generated by the myocardial wall contraction, so no need for valves to assist the flow. They instead have a thick layer of elasticated tissue to help propel the blood forward.

Veins don’t have the power of the heart behind them and so require valves to maintain the continuous flow of blood. The further away from the heart, the higher the number of valves. They also have a much thinner layer of elasticated tissue as they do no rely on the pressure from the heart.

20
Q

What are the 3 types of cells within the blood?

A

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes

21
Q

What are erythrocytes and what is their function?

A

Red blood cells, their primary function is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and organs thorough out the body, made possible using haemoglobin (a protein that binds with oxygen)
Another function is to assist in the removal of carbon dioxide from the body.

22
Q

What are leukocytes and their function?

A

White cells, help fight bacteria and infection. Account for only 1% of circulatory blood but multiply during infection and inflammation.

23
Q

How do nutrients like omega-3 fatty acids affect both hair and heart health?

A

Omega-3 fatty acids are essential for a healthy heart and also beneficial for hair growth and strength. Deficiencies in essential vitamins and minerals can affect both cardiovascular function and hair vitality.

24
Q

What role does cortisol play in affecting both heart health and hair quality?

A

Cortisol, the “stress hormone,” can lead to elevated blood pressure and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. It is also linked to hair thinning and loss.

25
Q

How can medications intended for cardiovascular issues affect hair health?

A

Some antihypertensive drugs like beta-blockers can result in hair loss as a side effect. Healthcare providers should consider this when prescribing medications.

26
Q

Can the condition of one’s hair serve as an early indicator for cardiovascular problems?

A

Ongoing research is investigating whether conditions like premature graying and male pattern baldness could be risk indicators for coronary artery disease, though evidence is inconclusive.

27
Q

Is there a genetic link between cardiovascular diseases and certain types of hair loss?

A

Both conditions have genetic factors that could predispose an individual to developing them. Understanding this overlap could lead to preventive strategies.

28
Q

How does a holistic approach in trichology often include cardiovascular health?

A

Trichologists are showing growing interest in systemic factors affecting hair health, which often includes an examination of cardiovascular health.

29
Q

What are the terms used to describe the expansion and contraction of blood vessels?

A

Expansion - vasodilation
Contraction - vasoconstriction

30
Q

Where is the heart located, and what is its size?

A

The heart is located slightly off-centre to the left within the mediastinal cavity of the thorax, between the lungs, and is roughly the size of an adult’s clenched fist.

31
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

The pericardium is a sealed sac that encases the heart, protecting it and preventing over-expansion.

32
Q

What is the primary function of the heart?

A

The heart’s primary function is to drive blood through the cardiovascular system, delivering oxygenated blood to the body’s tissues and organs before sending it to the lungs for re-oxygenation.

33
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A

The heart comprises four chambers: the left and right ventricles and the left and right atria.

34
Q

What is the role of the sinoatrial node (SAN)?

A

The SAN, located in the right atrium, acts as the heart’s natural pacemaker, generating electrical impulses for heart rhythm regulation.

35
Q

What is the function of the atrioventricular node (AVN)?

A

The AVN collects impulses from the SAN and delivers them to the lower areas of the heart, stimulating myocardial tissues to contract.

36
Q

Describe the path of blood during one complete cycle.

A

The blood travels as follows: Left Ventricle (LV) → Aorta → Body → Venae Cavae → Right Atrium (RA) → Right Ventricle (RV) → Pulmonary Artery → Lungs → Pulmonary Veins → Left Atrium (LA), and then back to the LV.

37
Q

What are the two main types of valves in the heart?

A

The two types are atrioventricular valves (the mitral/bicuspid valve and the tricuspid valve) and semilunar valves (the aortic valve and the pulmonary valve).

38
Q

What are the systemic and pulmonary circulatory systems?

A

The systemic cycle transports blood from the LV throughout the body, excluding the lungs. The pulmonary cycle starts with blood ejection from the RV to the lungs for re-oxygenation.

39
Q

ow are arteries and veins structurally different?

A

Arteries have a thick layer of elastic tissue and do not contain valves, as they move blood away from the heart. Veins contain valves to maintain flow and have a thinner layer of elastic tissue.

40
Q

What additional functions does the cardiovascular system perform?

A

Besides oxygen transport, the cardiovascular system protects against infection, assists in blood clotting, transports hormones, and helps regulate body temperature.

41
Q

What are the roles of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes?

A

Erythrocytes transport oxygen and carbon dioxide, leukocytes fight infection, and thrombocytes aid in clot formation.

42
Q

What is vasodilation and vasoconstriction?

A

Vasodilation is the expansion of blood vessels to move blood closer to the skin’s surface, while vasoconstriction is the contraction of blood vessels to move blood away from the skin’s surface.

43
Q

What is the importance of understanding the heart and cardiovascular system?

A

Understanding these systems helps explain the physiology and structure of the heart and how it functions within the broader cardiovascular system for systemic regulation and health maintenance.

44
Q

How can changes in hair health indicate potential heart health issues?

A

Changes in hair health, such as sudden hair loss or changes in hair texture, can sometimes be indicative of underlying health issues, including those related to the heart. Poor circulation or hormonal imbalances, often associated with heart disease, can affect the health and growth of hair. Additionally, certain medications used for heart conditions, like beta-blockers, can lead to hair thinning or loss.

45
Q

What is the relationship between stress, hair health, and heart health?

A

Chronic stress can negatively impact both hair and heart health. Stress can trigger conditions like telogen effluvium, leading to hair loss. It can also contribute to heart problems by increasing blood pressure and the risk of heart disease. Managing stress is thus crucial for maintaining both healthy hair and a healthy heart.

Trichology (28 decks)

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