heart and blood circulation

Question 1

pulmonary
hepatic
renal

Answer 1

pulmonary= lungs
hepatic= liver
renal = kidneys

Question 2

right side of the heart has what blood
left side of the heart has what blood

Answer 2

right side= deoxygnated blood
left side= oxygnated blood

Question 3

how does exercise increase heart rate

Answer 3

1. exercise increases CO2 in blood
2. high CO2 levels are detected by receptors in the aorta, signals are sent to the brain
3. which then brain sends signals to heart, cuasing it to contract more

Question 4

how does the horomonal system also help control heart rate

Answer 4

1. when an organism feels threatend the adernal glands release adrenaline
2. adrenaline binds to specfic receptors in the heart, which causes the heart to contract and pump more blood
3. this increases oxygen supply to the tissues, and gets body ready for action

Question 5

what are the factors of coronary heart disease?

Answer 5

1. supply of blood to the heart gets blocked by layers of fatty material building up
   • causes artries to become narrow, which restricts blood flow and a lack of oxygen
2. smoking increases blood pressure, which causes damage to the inside of coronary artries
3. being inactive

Question 6

4 type of bloods?

Answer 6

plasma
platelets
red blood cells
white blood cells

Question 7

function and structure of plasma?

Answer 7

liquid that carries everything that needs transporting around the body

Question 8

function and structure of platelets?

Answer 8

clump together, platelets are held together by a protien called fibrin

Question 9

function and structure of red blood cells?

Answer 9

-biconcave shape, large S/A
-contain heamglobin, transports oxygen around our body
- no nucleas

Question 10

function and structure of white blood cells?

Answer 10

• phagocytes ingest pathogens
  -lymphocytes produce anti-bodies to fight off anti-gens

Question 11

function of phagocytes?

Answer 11

• engulf pathogens
• attack anything that is not meant to be there

Question 12

function of lymphocytes?

Answer 12

• produce anti-bodies
• anti-bodies produced are for a specfic anti-gen

-memory cells produced to a foriegn anti-gen

Question 13

steps of vaccination?

Answer 13

• injecting dead or inactive pathogens in body
• lymphocytes produce anti-bodies to attack them

-memory cells produced, so if live pathogen of the same type appears, anti-bodies kill them faster

Question 14

blood vessels name and function?

Answer 14

Artries= carry blood AWAY from heart
Veins= carry blood TO the heart
Capillaries= EXCHANGE materials at tissues

Question 15

describe the blood vesells?

Answer 15

Artries= strong, elastic, thick walls (largest is aorta)
Veins= big lumen, valves , thin outer layer (largest is vena cava)
capillaries= tiny, permeable walls, one cell thick