gas exchange + smoking

Question 1

how is alveoli adapted for gas exhange

Answer 1

1. Large surface area
   2.short diffusion distance
   3.steep diffusion gradient

Question 2

elaborate on large S/A of alveoli

Answer 2

1.small size
2.abundance (many of them)

Question 3

elaborate on short diffusion distance of alveoli

Answer 3

1.close proximity of blood capillaries
2. one cell thick

Question 4

elaborate on steep diffusion gradiet of alveoli

Answer 4

1. air in alveoli contains high O2 and low CO2
2. blood in capillaries always contain high CO2 and low O2

Question 5

Bronchitis steps

Answer 5

1. chemicals in smoke destroy cillia + irritate airway lining

2.extra mucus secreted, airway clogged by mucus

3. leads to diffculty breathing and pathogens getting stuck

Question 6

lung cancer steps

Answer 6

1. carcinogens in TAR collect in lungs
2. cells mutate + multiply uncontrollably
3. tumor forms, and spreads

Question 7

emphysema steps

Answer 7

1. smoke damages alveoli

2.alveoli fuse together decreasing S/A

3. gas exchange inefficent

Question 8

all types of heamoglobins

Answer 8

OXYHEAMOGLOBIN = HEAMOGLOBIN WITH OXYGEN

DEOXYHEAMOGLOBIN = HEAMOGLOBIN WITHOUT OXYGEN

CARBOXYHEAMGLOBIN = HEAMOGLBIN WITH CARBON MONOXIDE