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DMD 5247 > heart anatomy > Flashcards

heart anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the pump for the pulmonary circut

A

right ventricle

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2
Q

what is the pump for the systemic circut

A

left ventricle

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3
Q

where is the heart found

A

on the diaphragm, posterior to the sternum, in the middle part of the inferior mediastinum

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4
Q

what is the base of the heart

A

superior and posterior part of the heart

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5
Q

what is the apex of the heart

A

anterior and inferior part of the heart

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6
Q

where is the apex of the heart located in realation to the ribs

A

in the level of the fifth intercostal space

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7
Q

in which part of the mediastinum is the heart found

A

the middle part of the inferior mediastinum

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8
Q

what are the layers of the pericardium from superficial to deep

A

fibrous pericardium
serous pericarium (two parts)
- pareital layer
- visceral layer

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9
Q

what is found in the pericardial cavity

A

serous fluid

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10
Q

what are the functions of the pericardium

A

prevent undesired movements
reduce friction
prevent overfilling of the heart

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11
Q

What are the layers of the heart wall

A

epicardium (visceral layer of pericardium)
myocardium (muscle, bulk of heart wall)
endocardium (lines chambers, covers valves)

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12
Q

from where does blood enter the right atrium

A

superior and inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus

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13
Q

what are the muscles that line the walls of the atria

A

pectinate muscles

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14
Q

what are the conducting nodes of the heart and where in the heart are they found

A

the SA and AV nodes, both in the right atria

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15
Q

what are the names of the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

right AV valve

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16
Q

what is the name of the muscle that lines the insides of the ventricles

A

trabeculae carnae

17
Q

what are the muscles that attach to tendons, that attach to the AV valves

A

the papillary muscles attach to the chordae tendonae which attach to the AV valves

18
Q

what is the purpose of the papillary muscles and chordae tendinae

A

to prevent the AV valves from everting

19
Q

What is the valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

20
Q

from where does the left atrium receive blood

A

the pulmonary veins (from the lungs)

21
Q

what are the names of the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle

A

the left AV valve
bicuspid valve
mitral valve

22
Q

What is the valve between the left ventricle and aorta

A

aortic semilunar valve

23
Q

what is the most muscular chamber of the heart

A

left ventricle

24
Q

what tissue makes up the heart valves

A

dense connective tissue

25
Q

what are the functions of the heart valves

A

allow blood to flow in one direction, but to prevent it from flowing back

26
Q

what makes the “lub” sound

A

AV valves closing

27
Q

what makes the “dub” sound

A

semilunar valves closing

28
Q

where is the right AV valve in relation to the ribcage

A

inferior portion of the sternum

29
Q

where is the left AV valve in reation to the ribcage

A

left fifth intercostal space

30
Q

where is the pulmonary semilunar valve in relation to the ribcage

A

second left intercostal space

31
Q

where is the aortic semilunar valve in realtion to the ribcage

A

second right intercostal space

32
Q

What is the fibrous skeleton

A

the connective tissue between the atria and the ventricles that anchors the heart valves, is the framework for muscle attachement, and separates the ventricles from the atria

33
Q

What are the main coronary arteries

A 
left coronary artery
- circumflex artery
- anterior interventricular artery
Right coronary artery
- posterior interventricular artery
- right marginal artery
34
Q

What are the main coronary veins

A

small cardiac vein
middle cardiac vein
great cardiac vein
coronary sinus

35
Q

What is a myocardial infarction

A

a heart attack, caused by blockage of a coronary artery. causes chest pain and heart muscle death due to lack of oxygen

36
Q

what is the most common location of blockage leading to myocardial infarction

A

left anterior interventricular artery

DMD 5247 (11 decks)

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