heart anatomy Flashcards
What is the pump for the pulmonary circut
right ventricle
what is the pump for the systemic circut
left ventricle
where is the heart found
on the diaphragm, posterior to the sternum, in the middle part of the inferior mediastinum
what is the base of the heart
superior and posterior part of the heart
what is the apex of the heart
anterior and inferior part of the heart
where is the apex of the heart located in realation to the ribs
in the level of the fifth intercostal space
in which part of the mediastinum is the heart found
the middle part of the inferior mediastinum
what are the layers of the pericardium from superficial to deep
fibrous pericardium
serous pericarium (two parts)
- pareital layer
- visceral layer
what is found in the pericardial cavity
serous fluid
what are the functions of the pericardium
prevent undesired movements
reduce friction
prevent overfilling of the heart
What are the layers of the heart wall
epicardium (visceral layer of pericardium)
myocardium (muscle, bulk of heart wall)
endocardium (lines chambers, covers valves)
from where does blood enter the right atrium
superior and inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus
what are the muscles that line the walls of the atria
pectinate muscles
what are the conducting nodes of the heart and where in the heart are they found
the SA and AV nodes, both in the right atria
what are the names of the valve between the right atrium and right ventricle
tricuspid valve
right AV valve
what is the name of the muscle that lines the insides of the ventricles
trabeculae carnae
what are the muscles that attach to tendons, that attach to the AV valves
the papillary muscles attach to the chordae tendonae which attach to the AV valves
what is the purpose of the papillary muscles and chordae tendinae
to prevent the AV valves from everting
What is the valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk
pulmonary semilunar valve
from where does the left atrium receive blood
the pulmonary veins (from the lungs)
what are the names of the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle
the left AV valve
bicuspid valve
mitral valve
What is the valve between the left ventricle and aorta
aortic semilunar valve
what is the most muscular chamber of the heart
left ventricle
what tissue makes up the heart valves
dense connective tissue
what are the functions of the heart valves
allow blood to flow in one direction, but to prevent it from flowing back
what makes the “lub” sound
AV valves closing
what makes the “dub” sound
semilunar valves closing
where is the right AV valve in relation to the ribcage
inferior portion of the sternum
where is the left AV valve in reation to the ribcage
left fifth intercostal space
where is the pulmonary semilunar valve in relation to the ribcage
second left intercostal space
where is the aortic semilunar valve in realtion to the ribcage
second right intercostal space
What is the fibrous skeleton
the connective tissue between the atria and the ventricles that anchors the heart valves, is the framework for muscle attachement, and separates the ventricles from the atria
What are the main coronary arteries
left coronary artery - circumflex artery - anterior interventricular artery Right coronary artery - posterior interventricular artery - right marginal artery
What are the main coronary veins
small cardiac vein
middle cardiac vein
great cardiac vein
coronary sinus
What is a myocardial infarction
a heart attack, caused by blockage of a coronary artery. causes chest pain and heart muscle death due to lack of oxygen
what is the most common location of blockage leading to myocardial infarction
left anterior interventricular artery
