Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

DMD 5247 > cardiovascular embryology and histology > Flashcards

cardiovascular embryology and histology Flashcards

1
Q

average heart beats per min

A

70

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what day does the heart start beating

A

day 22 in utero

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does the heart begin as developmentally

A

a tube of contractile myocardium lined by endothelium (endocardium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the cardiogenic field

A

a horse shoe shaped endothelial tube (primitive heart tube) that develops as blood islands coalesce

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

where do blood islands form

A

in the visceral layer of the lateral plate mesoderm cranial to the developing brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what brings the two sides of the cardiac region together

A

lateral body folding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the two poles of the heart tube

A

aortic and venous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

the caudal pole forms the ___ end of the heart, the cranial pole forms the ____ end of the heart

A

venous

arterial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens in cardiac looping

A

the atrial portion (inferior) grows upward and to the left, the ventricular portion (superior) grows downward and to the right

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the ductus venosus

A

the vein from the placenta that bypasses the embryonic liver and enters the inferior vena cava

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the ductus arteriosus

A

the vessel that gors from the pulmonary trunk into the aortic arch in the embryonic heart, bypassing the lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the foramen ovale

A

an opening in the septum secundum through which blood moves from the right atria to the left, bypassing the embryonic pulmonary circut

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the two things that form the interatrial septum

A

septum primum

septum secundum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

when does the interatrial septum form

A

at birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two causes of ASD

A
  1. excessive resorption of the septum primum

2. absence of the septum secundum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the common atrium

A

atria without the septum secundum and primum

17
Q

what is the most common heart defect

A

ventricular septal defects (VSD)

18
Q

what is transpositions of the great vessels

A

the pulmonary trunk and aorta are attached to the wrong ventricles, leading to two separate circuits. respiratory and systemic

19
Q

what are the four things that happen in the tetralogy of fallot

A
  1. ventricular septal defect
  2. pulmonary trunk sepsis
  3. overriding aorta
  4. right ventricle hypertrophy
20
Q

what is persistent truncus arteriosus

A

when the conotruncal septum doesn’t form and the aorta and pulmonary trunk are combined

21
Q

what are the parts of the conducting system of the heart in order

A 
SA node (pacemaker)
AV node
AV bundle
bundle branches
perkinje fibers
22
Q

how are electrical stimuli propegated through the heart

A

gap juntions

23
Q

What are the three layers of the heart wall from external in internal

A

epicardium
myocardium
endocardium

24
Q

what are the characteristics of the epicardium

A

same thing as the visceral layer of the pericardium

simple squamous epithelium

25
Q

what are the characteristics of the myocardium

A 
muscle cells (cardiac myocytes)
makes up the majority of the heart wall
26
Q

what are the characteristics of the endocardium

A

inner lining of the heart chambers
simple squamous epithelium
near perkinje fibers
continuous with great vessels

27
Q

What are the layers of the vessels

A

tunica adventitia
tunica media
tunica intima

28
Q

What are the characteristics of elastic arteries

A

thick tunica adventitia, broad media with elastin

29
Q

what are the characteristics of muscular arteries

A

thick tunica media, IEL, EEL

30
Q

what are the characteristics of capillaries

A

very thin endothelial membrane
precapillary sphincters
site of gas and nutrient exchange

31
Q

What are the three types of capillaries

A

continuous
fenestrated
discontinuous (sinusoidal)

32
Q

where are continuous capillaries found

A

most tissues

33
Q

where are fenestrated capillaries found (increased permeability)

A

small intestines
kidney glomerulus
endocrine glands

34
Q

Where are discontinuous capillaries found (high permeability)

A

liver, spleen, endocrine glands, hematopoetic

35
Q

how do veins compare to arteries

A

lower pressure, thinner walls, closer to the skin and have valves (muscle pumps)

DMD 5247 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions