blood vessels Flashcards
What is the function of arteries
to carry blood away from the heart
what is the function of veins
to carry blood toward the heart
what is anastomosis
when two or more arteries converge and supply the same body region
what is the main function of capillaries
the location of gas and nutrient exchange between the blood and the tissues
what tunica do the capillaries have
only tunica intima
what kind of arteries are the largest arteries
elastic/conducting arteries
what are elastic arteries high in
elastin (allow them to stretch and recoil)
What is another name for muscular arterie
distributing arteries
what is the thickest layer in muscular arteries
tunica media
what are the primary resistance vessels
arterioles
what regulates arteriole diameter
local tissue factors and SNS
what is the primary location of diapedesis
venules
what are the types of capillaries and where are they found
continuous (most common)
fenestrated (small int. endocrine glands, kidneys)
sinusoidal (bone marrow, spleen, liver)
what are varicose veins
dysfunctional valves in the veins that lead to blood pooling in superficial veins
what causes varicose veins
genetic disposition, age, strain
what are hemmroids
varicose veins in the anorectal region
what are the blood pressures at the following points: entrance of aorta start of capillaries end of capillaries entrance to heart
100 mm/hg
35 mm/hg
18 mm/hg
2 mm/hg
what is capillary hydrostatic pressure
the pressure within capillray walls
what are the factors that affect total peripheral resistance
- vascular resistance (length and diameter)
- blood viscosity
- turbulence
what is pulse pressure
the difference between the systolic pressure and diastolic pressure
what is mean arterial pressure
diastolic pressure + 1/3 pulse pressure
what is hypertension
high blood pressure 140/90
what is hypotension
low blood pressure 90/60
what is orthostatic hypotension
transient hypotention caused by sudden change in body position
what is elastic rebound
arteries recoiling after stretching, pushing blood to the capillaries
what is venous return
the amount of blood arriving at the right atria per minute
What are the branches off of the aorta
brachiocephalic trunk
- right common carotid
- right subclavian
- right vertebral
- right internal thoracic
left subclavian
- left vertebral
- left internal thoracic
left common carotid
