Heart

Question 1

Why does the heart have blood vessels?

Answer 1

they transport blood between the heart and tissues

Question 2

Arteries (away)

Answer 2

carry blood (high oxygen) away from the heart
(except pulmonary arteries)

Question 3

Veins (back)

Answer 3

carry blood (low oxygen) back to the heart
(except for the pulmonary veins)

Question 4

Arteries and veins are called the ______ vessels

Answer 4

Great

Question 5

The heart ensures the _______ flow of blood through the heart and vessels.

Answer 5

unidirectional

Question 6

What prevents the backflow of the blood?

Answer 6

Valves within the heart

Question 7

One side of the heart

Answer 7

directs blood to the lungs for gas exchange

Question 8

Other side of the heart

Answer 8

directs blood to body tissues for nutrient delivery

Question 9

Where does the heart develop blood pressure?

Answer 9

through alternate cycles of heart wall contraction and relaxation

Question 10

Why is blood pressure essential?

Answer 10

to push blood through blood vessels to the body tissues for nutrient and waste exchange

Question 11

The pulmonary circuit consists of what chambers?

Answer 11

right atrium and ventricle

Question 12

What does the pulmonary circuit do?

Answer 12

reduce carbon dioxide and replenish oxygen levels in the blood

Question 13

When does blood return to the left side of the heart?

Answer 13

where it enters the systemic circuit

Question 14

The systemic circuit consists of what chambers?

Answer 14

left atrium and ventricle

Question 15

What does the systemic circuit do?

Answer 15

carries blood to all the peripheral organs and tissues of the body

Question 16

______ blood from the left side of the heart is pumped into the _____

Answer 16

Oxygenated, aorta

Question 17

Where does gas exchange in tissues occur?

Answer 17

capillaries

Question 18

Most veins ______ into the ________ venae cavae, which drain blood into the right atrium.
There, the blood enters the _______, and the cycle repeats

Answer 18

merge and drain, superior and inferior, pulmonary circuit

Question 19

Where is the heart located?

Answer 19

left of the body midline posterior to the sternum in the middle mediastinum.

Question 20

What is base?

Answer 20

The posterosuperior surface of the heart

Question 21

What is the apex?

Answer 21

The inferior, conical end of the heart

Question 22

Where is the heart contained in?

Answer 22

in a fibrous, serous sac held in place within the mediastinum by connective tissue

Question 23

What does the Pericardium do?

Answer 23

Restricts heart movements so that it doesn’t bounce and move and prevents the heart from overfilling with blood

Question 24

What is fibrous pericardium?

Answer 24

a dense connective tissue layer that is tough (outer portion)

Question 25

What is serous pericardium?

Answer 25

double-layered, inner portion membrane

Question 26

The heart wall has 3 distinctive layers what are they?

Answer 26

external epicardium middle myocardium, and internal endocardium

Question 27

What is the epicardium layer?

Answer 27

Epicardium is the outermost heart layer | AKA visceral layer of serous pericardium.

Question 28

What is the myocardium layer?

Answer 28

Myocardium is the middle layer (Is the thickest of all 3) | and is made of cardiac muscle tissue

Question 29

The external heart is composed of two smaller _____ and two larger ______.

Answer 29

atria, ventricles

Question 30

What are atrias?

Answer 30

are thin-walled chambers | Atria receive blood returning to the heart through both circulatory circuits

Question 31

What does the right atrium do?

Answer 31

receives blood from the systemic circuit

Question 32

What does the left atrium do?

Answer 32

receives blood from the pulmonary circuit

Question 33

the _____ trunk and the ____ exit the heart at the basal surface

Answer 33

pulmonary, aorta

Question 34

The ______ trunk carries blood from the _____ ventricle into the pulmonary circuit

Answer 34

pulmonary, right

Question 35

The _____ conducts blood from the _____ ventricle into the systemic circuit

Answer 35

aorta, Left

Question 36

What are the atria and ventricles separated by?

Answer 36

deep coronary sulcus

Question 37

What are the four internal heart chambers?

Answer 37

right atrium right ventricle left atrium left ventricle

Question 38

What do valves do?

Answer 38

permit the passage of blood in one direction and prevents its backflow

Question 39

What does the right atrium do?

Answer 39

Receives venous blood from the systemic circuit | Three major vessels empty into the right atrium

Question 40

What does the Right Atrioventricular (AV) Valve do?

Answer 40

Separates the right atrium from the right ventricle. | Aka the tricuspid valve

Question 41

When is the right atrioventricular valve forced closed?

Answer 41

when the right ventricle begins to contract, preventing blood backflow into the right atrium

Question 42

What does the right ventricle do?

Answer 42

Receives deoxygenated venous blood from the right atrium

Question 43

The interventricular septum forms a wall between?

Answer 43

the right and left ventricles

Question 44

What are papillary muscles?

Answer 44

The internal wall surface of each ventricle

Question 45

What do the papillary muscles do?

Answer 45

anchor chordae tendineae

Question 46

What does the pulmonary semilunar valve mark?

Answer 46

the end of the right ventricle and the entrance into the pulmonary trunk

Question 47

Pulmonary blood carries what?

Answer 47

Deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 48

What does the left atrium do?

Answer 48

the oxygenated blood travels through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium

Question 49

What does the Left Atrioventricular (AV) Valve do?

Answer 49

Separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. | Aka bicuspid valve/mitral valve

Question 50

What is the largest Ventricle? Right or Left?

Answer 50

Left

Question 51

Why does the left ventricle have thick walls?

Answer 51

to generate pressure to force the oxygenated blood from the lungs into the aorta and then through the entire systemic circuit