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Anatomy > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

1
Q

Why does the heart have blood vessels?

A

they transport blood between the heart and tissues

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2
Q

Arteries (away)

A 
carry blood (high oxygen) away from the heart
(except pulmonary arteries)
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3
Q

Veins (back)

A 
carry blood (low oxygen) back to the heart
(except for the pulmonary veins)
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4
Q

Arteries and veins are called the ______ vessels

A

Great

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5
Q

The heart ensures the _______ flow of blood through the heart and vessels.

A

unidirectional

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6
Q

What prevents the backflow of the blood?

A

Valves within the heart

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7
Q

One side of the heart

A

directs blood to the lungs for gas exchange

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8
Q

Other side of the heart

A

directs blood to body tissues for nutrient delivery

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9
Q

Where does the heart develop blood pressure?

A

through alternate cycles of heart wall contraction and relaxation

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10
Q

Why is blood pressure essential?

A

to push blood through blood vessels to the body tissues for nutrient and waste exchange

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11
Q

The pulmonary circuit consists of what chambers?

A

right atrium and ventricle

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12
Q

What does the pulmonary circuit do?

A

reduce carbon dioxide and replenish oxygen levels in the blood

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13
Q

When does blood return to the left side of the heart?

A

where it enters the systemic circuit

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14
Q

The systemic circuit consists of what chambers?

A

left atrium and ventricle

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15
Q

What does the systemic circuit do?

A

carries blood to all the peripheral organs and tissues of the body

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16
Q

______ blood from the left side of the heart is pumped into the _____

A

Oxygenated, aorta

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17
Q

Where does gas exchange in tissues occur?

A

capillaries

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18
Q

Most veins ______ into the ________ venae cavae, which drain blood into the right atrium.
There, the blood enters the _______, and the cycle repeats

A

merge and drain, superior and inferior, pulmonary circuit

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19
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

left of the body midline posterior to the sternum in the middle mediastinum.

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20
Q

What is base?

A

The posterosuperior surface of the heart

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21
Q

What is the apex?

A

The inferior, conical end of the heart

22
Q

Where is the heart contained in?

A

in a fibrous, serous sac held in place within the mediastinum by connective tissue

23
Q

What does the Pericardium do?

A

Restricts heart movements so that it doesn’t bounce and move and prevents the heart from overfilling with blood

24
Q

What is fibrous pericardium?

A

a dense connective tissue layer that is tough (outer portion)

25
Q

What is serous pericardium?

A

double-layered, inner portion membrane

26
Q

The heart wall has 3 distinctive layers what are they?

A

external epicardium
middle myocardium, and
internal endocardium

27
Q

What is the epicardium layer?

A

Epicardium is the outermost heart layer

AKA visceral layer of serous pericardium.

28
Q

What is the myocardium layer?

A

Myocardium is the middle layer (Is the thickest of all 3)

and is made of cardiac muscle tissue

29
Q

The external heart is composed of two smaller _____ and two larger ______.

A

atria, ventricles

30
Q

What are atrias?

A

are thin-walled chambers

Atria receive blood returning to the heart through both circulatory circuits

31
Q

What does the right atrium do?

A

receives blood from the systemic circuit

32
Q

What does the left atrium do?

A

receives blood from the pulmonary circuit

33
Q

the _____ trunk and the ____ exit the heart at the basal surface

A

pulmonary, aorta

34
Q

The ______ trunk carries blood from the _____ ventricle into the pulmonary circuit

A

pulmonary, right

35
Q

The _____ conducts blood from the _____ ventricle into the systemic circuit

A

aorta, Left

36
Q

What are the atria and ventricles separated by?

A

deep coronary sulcus

37
Q

What are the four internal heart chambers?

A

right atrium
right ventricle
left atrium
left ventricle

38
Q

What do valves do?

A

permit the passage of blood in one direction and prevents its backflow

39
Q

What does the right atrium do?

A

Receives venous blood from the systemic circuit

Three major vessels empty into the right atrium

40
Q

What does the Right Atrioventricular (AV) Valve do?

A

Separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.

Aka the tricuspid valve

41
Q

When is the right atrioventricular valve forced closed?

A

when the right ventricle begins to contract, preventing blood backflow into the right atrium

42
Q

What does the right ventricle do?

A

Receives deoxygenated venous blood from the right atrium

43
Q

The interventricular septum forms a wall between?

A

the right and left ventricles

44
Q

What are papillary muscles?

A

The internal wall surface of each ventricle

45
Q

What do the papillary muscles do?

A

anchor chordae tendineae

46
Q

What does the pulmonary semilunar valve mark?

A

the end of the right ventricle and the entrance into the pulmonary trunk

47
Q

Pulmonary blood carries what?

A

Deoxygenated blood to the lungs

48
Q

What does the left atrium do?

A

the oxygenated blood travels through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium

49
Q

What does the Left Atrioventricular (AV) Valve do?

A

Separates the left atrium from the left ventricle.

Aka bicuspid valve/mitral valve

50
Q

What is the largest Ventricle? Right or Left?

A

Left

51
Q

Why does the left ventricle have thick walls?

A

to generate pressure to force the oxygenated blood from the lungs into the aorta and then through the entire systemic circuit

Anatomy (7 decks)

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