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Anatomy > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two functions of the spinal cord?

A

pathway for sensory and motor impulses

responsible for reflexes

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2
Q

How many longitudinal depressions does a spinal cord have?

A

two

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3
Q

Longitudinal depressions

A 
the posterior (or dorsal) median sulcus, dips internally on the posterior surface 
the anterior (or ventral) median fissure, is observed on its anterior surface
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4
Q

Cervical region

A

the superior-most region of the spinal cord
continuous with the medulla oblongata
contains neurons whose axons form the cervical spinal nerves

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5
Q

Thoracic region

A

lies inferior to the cervical region

thoracic spinal nerves are attached

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6
Q

Lumbar region

A

shorter segment of the spinal cord

contains the neurons for the lumbar spinal nerves

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7
Q

Sacral region

A

lies inferior to the lumbar region

contains the neurons for the sacral spinal nerves

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8
Q

Coccygeal region

A

most inferior “tip” of the spinal cord.

one pair of coccygeal spinal nerves arises

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9
Q

What is the conus medullaris?

A

The tapering inferior end of the spinal cord

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10
Q

What does the conus medullaris mark?

A

it marks the official “end” of the spinal cord proper

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11
Q

How many pairs are spinal nerves does the spinal cord have?

A

31 pairs of spinal nerves

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12
Q

The 31 pairs connect to….

A

CNS to muscles, receptors, and glands.

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13
Q

How many cervical nerves does the spinal cord have?

A

8 (C1–C8)

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14
Q

How many thoracic nerves does the spinal cord have?

A

12 (T1-T12)

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15
Q

How many lumbar nerves does the spinal cord have?

A

5 (L1-L5)

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16
Q

How many sacral nerves does the spinal cord have?

A

5 (S1-S5)

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17
Q

How many coccygeal nerve does the spinal cord have?

A

1 (Co)

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18
Q

The grey matter resembles a….

A

Letter H or Butterfly

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19
Q

Grey Matter is subdivided into what 4 components?

A

anterior horns
lateral horns
posterior horns
the gray commissure

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20
Q

How does a spinal nerve form?

A

anterior root + posterior root = intervertebral foramen

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21
Q

Each spinal nerve is associated with the…..

A

Vertebra of the same number

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22
Q

What is a Dermatomes?

A

specific segment of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

23
Q

What does the anterior (ventral) ramus supply?

A

supply anterior and lateral regions of the neck, trunk, and all regions of the limbs

24
Q

What does the posterior (dorsal) ramus supply?

A

supply back/posterior of neck and trunk, contain both sensory and motor neurons

25
Q

What is nerve plexuses?

A

A network of interweaving anterior rami of spinal nerves.

26
Q

What principal plexuses?

A

cervical plexuses, brachial plexuses, lumbar plexuses, and sacral plexuses

27
Q

Cervical plexus

A

C1-C4

28
Q

Brachial plexus

A

C5-T1

29
Q

Lumbar plexus

A

L1-L4

30
Q

Sacral plexus

A

L4-S4

31
Q

Why is stimulus required?

A

to initiate a response to sensory input

32
Q

What does a rapid response require?

A

few neurons be involved and synaptic delay be minimal

33
Q

What does a muscle and a nerve makeup?

A

a myotomes

34
Q

C3-5

A

Supply the diaphragm (mostly C4)

35
Q

C5

A

C5 also supplies bicep and deltoid

36
Q

C6

A

Bends the wrist back and rotates the arm

37
Q

C7

A

Straightens the elbow and wrist; pronates wrist

38
Q

C8

A

Bends the finger

39
Q

T1

A

Spreads the fingers and supplies small muscles of the hand

40
Q

T1-T12

A

supplies the chest wall and abdominal muscles

41
Q

T10- L2

A

Psychogenic erections (thought controlled)

42
Q

L2

A

Bends the hip

43
Q

L1-L4

A

Thigh flexion

44
Q

L2, L3, L4

A

Extension of leg at the knee and Thigh ADDuction

45
Q

L4, L5, S1

A

Thigh ABDuction, Dorsiflexion of foot, extension of toes

46
Q

L4, L5, S1, S2

A

Flexion of leg at the knee (hamstrings)

47
Q

L5, S1 , S2

A

Extension of leg at the hip (gluteus maximus)
Plantar flexion of foot
Flexion of toes

48
Q

S2, S3 , S4

A

Control a man’s ability to have an erection and Ejaculation

49
Q

S3- S5

A

supply the bladder, bowel and sex organs and the anal and other pelvic muscles

50
Q

What is ipsilateral? (Touching HOT)

A

when both the receptor and effector organs of the reflex are on the same side of the spinal cord

51
Q

What is contralateral? (Steeping on SHARP)

A

when the sensory impulses from a receptor organ cross over through the spinal cord to activate effector organs in the opposite limb

52
Q

What is the simplest of reflexes?

A

Monosynaptic reflexes (ex. Reflex Hammer)

53
Q

What does Golgi tendon reflex do?

A

Prevents skeletal muscles from tensing excessively.

54
Q

Golgi Tendon

A

protects the muscle and tendon from excessive tension damage

Anatomy (7 decks)

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