Chapter 14

Question 1

Nervous system

Answer 1

• communication and control system.

- divided into structural and functional categories

Question 2

How many structural organization?

Answer 2

Central nervous system (CNS)

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Question 3

How many functional organization?

Answer 3

Sensory (afferent) division

Motor (efferent) division

Question 4

Sensory Division (composed of two)

Answer 4

(INPUT)
somatic sensory—touch, pain, pressure, vibration, temperature, and proprioception
Visceral sensory- blood vessels to the CNS

Question 5

Motor Division ( composed of two)

Answer 5

(OUTPUT)
somatic motor- AKA voluntary nervous system
regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
autonomic motor component -regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Question 6

Nerve Cells

Answer 6

Neurons- excitable cells that initiate and transmit nerve impulses
Glial cells- are nonexcitable cells that support and protect the neurons

Question 7

Cell Body

Answer 7

control center

Question 8

Dendrites

Answer 8

Dendrites are short

Dendrites conduct nerve impulses toward the cell body; receive input and then transfer it to the cell body

Question 9

Axon

Answer 9

are larger

Most neurons have only one axon.

Question 10

Where do Interneurons lie?

Answer 10

within the CNS

Question 11

Glial Cells (GLADIATOR)

Answer 11

occur within CNS and PNS.
Glial cells physically protect and help nourish neurons, and provide an organized, supporting framework for all the nervous tissue.
Pg. 421

Question 12

Functions of Glial Cells

Answer 12

Forming a structural network.
Replacing damaged neurons.
Assisting neuronal development.

Question 13

What is Myelination?

Answer 13

process by which part of an axon is wrapped with a myelin sheath

Question 14

Axon Regeneration (PNS) depends on 3 factors

Answer 14

• the amount of damage
• secretion of nerve growth factors
• distance between the site of the damaged axon and the effector organ

Question 15

How many connective tissue wrappings does a nerve have?

Answer 15

3

Question 16

What do PREsynaptic neurons do?

Answer 16

Presynaptic neurons transmit nerve impulses along their axonal membranes toward a synapse

Question 17

Neurotransmitters are released only from….

Answer 17

plasma membrane of the presynaptic cell

Question 18

What is in CNS?

Answer 18

brain and spinal cord

Question 19

What is in PNS?

Answer 19

cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia

Question 20

What does an Axon do?

Answer 20

transmits a nerve impulse away from the cell body toward another cell

Question 21

Interneurons are…..

Answer 21

multipolar

Question 22

interneurons facilitate communication between…..

Answer 22

sensory and motor neurons

Question 23

What does a neuron typically have?

Answer 23

a neuron has a cell body, dendrites, and axons

Question 24

What does a myelin sheath do?

Answer 24

The myelin sheath supports, protects, and insulates an axon.

Question 25

Endoneurium (connective tissue wrapping 4 nerve)

Answer 25

a delicate layer of loose connective tissue

Question 26

Perineurium (connective tissue wrapping 4 nerve)

Answer 26

perineurium - a cellular and fibrous connective tissue layer that wraps groups of axons into bundles called fascicles

Question 27

Epineurium (connective tissue wrapping 4 nerve)

Answer 27

epineurium - a superficial connective tissue covering

Question 28

What does a synapse do?

Answer 28

transmits a nerve impulse at a specialized junction with another neuron

Question 29

What do POSTsynaptic neurons do?

Answer 29

conduct nerve impulses through their dendritic and cell body membranes away from the synapse

Question 30

Neurotransmitters binds to receptor proteins found only….

Answer 30

on the plasma membrane of the postsynaptic cell

Question 31

What two factors influence the rate of conduction?

Answer 31

the axon’s diameter and the presence/ absence of a myelin sheath.