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Anatomy > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Brain four major regions

A

Cerebrum, the diencephalon, the brainstem, and the cerebellum.

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2
Q

Cerebrum

A

The cerebrum is divided into two halves, called the left and right cerebral hemispheres.

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3
Q

Lobes

A

Each hemisphere is subdivided into five functional areas called lobes

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4
Q

How many cranial nerves does the brain have?

A

12

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5
Q

Mesencephalon-Midbrain

A

Cerebral peduncles, superior colliculi, inferior colliculi

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6
Q

Rhombencephalon-Hindbrain

A

Metencephalon- Pons and Cerebellum

Myelencephalon- Medulla oblongata

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7
Q

Gray Matter

A

Gray matter houses motor neuron, interneuron cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals, and unmyelinated axons
Forms during brain development

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8
Q

White Matter

A

composed of myelinated axons

lies deep to the gray matter of the cortex

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9
Q

Ganglion

A

Cluster of neuron cell bodies within PNS

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10
Q

Center

A

Group of CNS w/ common function

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11
Q

Nucleus

A

Center in the CNS, displays anatomic boundaries

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12
Q

Nerve

A

Axon bundles extending through PNS

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13
Q

Nerve plexus

A

Network of nerve in PNS

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14
Q

Tract

A

CNS axon bundles w/ similar functions, share origin/ destination

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15
Q

Funiculus

A

Group tracts in specific area of spinal cord

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16
Q

Pathway

A

Centers and Tracts connect the CNS with body

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17
Q

Cortex

A

Outer layer of gray matter in cerebrum and cerebellum

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18
Q

Cerebral hemisphere

A

two symmetrical halves of cerebrum, separated by longitudinal fissure

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19
Q

What does the body cranium provide?

A

provides rigid support

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20
Q

Cranial Meninges

A

dura mater, the arachnoid, and the pia mater

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21
Q

Dura Matter

A

Strongest of the meninges
Dura mater has two layers.
periosteal layer- the more superficial layer, attaches to the periosteum of the cranial bones
meningeal layer - lies deep to the periosteal layer

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22
Q

Arachnoid

A

Lies immediately internal to the dura mater

composed of a delicate web of collagen and elastic fibers

23
Q

What lies between the arachnid and dura matter?

A

Subdural space

24
Q

What lies immediately deep to the arachnoid?

A

Subarachnoid space

25
Q

Pia Matter

A

The innermost of the cranial meninges.

Thin layer of delicate connective tissue that tightly adheres to the brain

26
Q

What is cranial dural septa?

A

The meningeal layer of the dura mater extends as flat (septa) deep into the cranial cavity at four locations

27
Q

Membranous partitions

A

falx cerebri
tentorium cerebelli
falx cerebelli
diaphragma sellae

28
Q

Brain Ventricles

A

Cavities within the brain that are derived from the opening of the embryonic neural tube.
Continuous with one another

29
Q

How many ventricles are in the brain?

A

Four

30
Q

Where are the two lateral ventricles located at?

A

in the cerebrum, separated by a thin medial partition called the septum pellucidum

31
Q

Where is the third ventricle located at?

A

within the diencephalon

32
Q

What is the interventricular foramen?

A

where each lateral ventricle communicates with the third ventricle

33
Q

Where the fourth ventricle located at?

A

Within the pons and cerebellum

34
Q

Blood Brain Barriers

A

protects nervous tissue from the general circulation

Controls what can enter the interstitial fluid of the brain.

35
Q

Frontal Lobe Function

A

Higher intellectual function (concentration, planning, decision-making)
controls skeletal muscle on opposite side of body; controls skeletal muscles of pharynx, larynx, and mouth for speech

36
Q

Parietal Lobe Function

A

touch, pain, temperature, pressure, muscular sensations, texture & shape determination and understanding speech and formulating words

37
Q

Temporal Lobe Function

A

auditory reception, visual & auditory memory, olfactory, emotion, translates words into thoughts

38
Q

Occipital Lobe Function

A

primary receptor area for vision; visual association area

39
Q

What does the cerebral cortex do?

A

Communicate with each other

Communicate with the brain stem and spinal cord

40
Q

What do commissures do?

A

Allows communication between cerebral hemispheres

41
Q

What to association fibers do?

A

Connect different parts of the same hemisphere

42
Q

What do projection fibers do?

A

run vertically

Descend from the cerebral cortex

43
Q

CN I

A

Olfactory bulb

44
Q

CN II

A

Optic nerve

45
Q

CN III

A

Oculomotor nerve

46
Q

CN IV

A

Trochlear nerve

47
Q

CN V

A

Trigeminal nerve

48
Q

CN VI

A

Abducens nerve

49
Q

CN VII

A

Facial nerve

50
Q

CN VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear nerve

51
Q

CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

52
Q

CN X

A

Vagus nerve

53
Q

CN XII

A

Hypoglossal nerve

54
Q

CN XI

A

Accessory nerve

Anatomy (7 decks)

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