Chapter 15 Flashcards
Brain four major regions
Cerebrum, the diencephalon, the brainstem, and the cerebellum.
Cerebrum
The cerebrum is divided into two halves, called the left and right cerebral hemispheres.
Lobes
Each hemisphere is subdivided into five functional areas called lobes
How many cranial nerves does the brain have?
12
Mesencephalon-Midbrain
Cerebral peduncles, superior colliculi, inferior colliculi
Rhombencephalon-Hindbrain
Metencephalon- Pons and Cerebellum
Myelencephalon- Medulla oblongata
Gray Matter
Gray matter houses motor neuron, interneuron cell bodies, dendrites, axon terminals, and unmyelinated axons
Forms during brain development
White Matter
composed of myelinated axons
lies deep to the gray matter of the cortex
Ganglion
Cluster of neuron cell bodies within PNS
Center
Group of CNS w/ common function
Nucleus
Center in the CNS, displays anatomic boundaries
Nerve
Axon bundles extending through PNS
Nerve plexus
Network of nerve in PNS
Tract
CNS axon bundles w/ similar functions, share origin/ destination
Funiculus
Group tracts in specific area of spinal cord
Pathway
Centers and Tracts connect the CNS with body
Cortex
Outer layer of gray matter in cerebrum and cerebellum
Cerebral hemisphere
two symmetrical halves of cerebrum, separated by longitudinal fissure
What does the body cranium provide?
provides rigid support
Cranial Meninges
dura mater, the arachnoid, and the pia mater
Dura Matter
Strongest of the meninges
Dura mater has two layers.
periosteal layer- the more superficial layer, attaches to the periosteum of the cranial bones
meningeal layer - lies deep to the periosteal layer
Arachnoid
Lies immediately internal to the dura mater
composed of a delicate web of collagen and elastic fibers
What lies between the arachnid and dura matter?
Subdural space
What lies immediately deep to the arachnoid?
Subarachnoid space
Pia Matter
The innermost of the cranial meninges.
Thin layer of delicate connective tissue that tightly adheres to the brain
What is cranial dural septa?
The meningeal layer of the dura mater extends as flat (septa) deep into the cranial cavity at four locations
Membranous partitions
falx cerebri
tentorium cerebelli
falx cerebelli
diaphragma sellae
Brain Ventricles
Cavities within the brain that are derived from the opening of the embryonic neural tube.
Continuous with one another
How many ventricles are in the brain?
Four
Where are the two lateral ventricles located at?
in the cerebrum, separated by a thin medial partition called the septum pellucidum
Where is the third ventricle located at?
within the diencephalon
What is the interventricular foramen?
where each lateral ventricle communicates with the third ventricle
Where the fourth ventricle located at?
Within the pons and cerebellum
Blood Brain Barriers
protects nervous tissue from the general circulation
Controls what can enter the interstitial fluid of the brain.
Frontal Lobe Function
Higher intellectual function (concentration, planning, decision-making)
controls skeletal muscle on opposite side of body; controls skeletal muscles of pharynx, larynx, and mouth for speech
Parietal Lobe Function
touch, pain, temperature, pressure, muscular sensations, texture & shape determination and understanding speech and formulating words
Temporal Lobe Function
auditory reception, visual & auditory memory, olfactory, emotion, translates words into thoughts
Occipital Lobe Function
primary receptor area for vision; visual association area
What does the cerebral cortex do?
Communicate with each other
Communicate with the brain stem and spinal cord
What do commissures do?
Allows communication between cerebral hemispheres
What to association fibers do?
Connect different parts of the same hemisphere
What do projection fibers do?
run vertically
Descend from the cerebral cortex
CN I
Olfactory bulb
CN II
Optic nerve
CN III
Oculomotor nerve
CN IV
Trochlear nerve
CN V
Trigeminal nerve
CN VI
Abducens nerve
CN VII
Facial nerve
CN VIII
Vestibulocochlear nerve
CN IX
Glossopharyngeal nerve
CN X
Vagus nerve
CN XII
Hypoglossal nerve
CN XI
Accessory nerve
