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Anatomy > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Why is blood considered connective tissue?

A

it contains cells, plasma and dissolved protein fibers

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2
Q

What is the temperature of blood?

A

1°C higher than measured body temperature

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3
Q

Erythrocytes (red blood cells)

A

lower layer of the centrifuged blood
make up about 44% of a blood sample
transport respiratory gases in the blood

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4
Q

Buffy coat

A

middle layer
thin, slightly gray-white layer leukocytes (white blood cells) cell fragment (platelets)
less than 1% of a blood sample

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5
Q

Plasma

A

straw-colored liquid that rises to the top

makes up about 55% of blood

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6
Q

Erythrocytes and Buffy coat are called…

A

formed elements NOT CELLS

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7
Q

Blood transports numerous….

A

elements and compounds throughout the body

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8
Q

What do erythrocytes transport?

A

they carry oxygen from the lungs to body cells

then transport carbon dioxide from the cells back to the lungs

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9
Q

What does BLOOD plasma transport?

A

nutrients that have been absorbed from the GI tract

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10
Q

What does plasma carry?

A

waste products from the cells to organs such as the kidneys

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11
Q

What is the normal PH of blood?

A

7.4

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12
Q

Blood maintains ______ fluid levels

A

normal

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13
Q

What happens when blood absorbs too much fluid?

A

high blood pressure

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14
Q

What happens when fluid escapes the bloodstream?

A

blood pressure drops to unhealthy low levels, and tissues swell with excess fluid

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15
Q

Fluid Levels is the…..

A

Constant exchange of fluid between the blood plasma and the interstitial fluid

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16
Q

What two compounds does blood contain and why?

A

salt and protein

to prevent excess fluid loss in the plasma

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17
Q

How do leukocytes (white blood cells) protect us?

A

help guard against infection by mounting an immune response if a pathogen or an antigen is found

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18
Q

How does plasma protect us?

A

Plasma transports antibodies, that can immobilize antigens until a leukocyte can completely kill or remove the antigen

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19
Q

How do platelets and blood proteins protect us?

A

protect the body against blood loss by forming blood clots on damaged vessels

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20
Q

What happens when the proteins are moved from the plasma?

A

remaining fluid is termed serum

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21
Q

What % of water does plasma have?

A

92%

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22
Q

What % of plasma proteins does plasma have?

A

7%

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23
Q

What does a plasma protein have? (4 things)

A

albumins
globulins
fibrinogen
regulatory proteins

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24
Q

Albumins (Plasma Protein)

A

Smallest and most of the plasma proteins.
58% of total plasma proteins
Regulate water movement between the blood and interstitial fluid
transport proteins that carry ions, hormones, and some lipids in the blood

25
Q

Globulins aka antibodies (Plasma Protein)

A

Second largest group
37% of all plasma proteins.
bind, support, and protect certain water-insoluble or hydrophobic molecules, hormones, and ions.
Produced defense cells to protect the body against pathogens

26
Q

Fibrinogen (Plasma Protein)

A

4% of all plasma proteins.
Responsible for blood clot formation.
trauma to the walls of blood vessels, fibrinogen is converted into long, insoluble strands of fibrin= the essence of a blood clot

27
Q

Regulatory

A

very minor class of plasma proteins.
less than 1% of total plasma proteins
Include enzymes to accelerate chemical reactions in the blood
hormones transport to target cells

28
Q

Plasma is similar to interstitial fluid because

A

they have similar concentrations of nutrients, waste products, and electrolyte

29
Q

Concentration of dissolved oxygen is…..

A

higher

30
Q

Difference in concentration ensures that carbon dioxide will diffuse…..

A

where it will be carried to the lungs and discharged from the body

31
Q

What is Hematocrit?

A

% of erythrocytes in blood

32
Q

% of hematocrit in Males?

A

42% - 56%

33
Q

% of hematocrit in Females?

A

38% - 46%

34
Q

What affects Hematocrit levels?

A

more erythrocytes and oxygen

35
Q

What do mature Erythrocytes lack?

A

nuclei

36
Q

What do erythrocytes transport?

A

oxygen and carbon dioxide to tissues and lungs

37
Q

How many hemoglobin are found in every erythrocyte?

A

280 million

38
Q

What are hemoglobin responsible for? ( 2 things )

A

Transports oxygen and carbon dioxide, and makes red color of arterial blood

39
Q

Four protein building blocks of the hemoglobin are called?

A

Globins

40
Q

When does oxygen bind to hemoglobins?

A

when the erythrocytes pass through the blood vessels of the lungs

41
Q

When does oxygen leave the hemoglobin?

A

when the erythrocytes pass through the blood vessels of body tissues

42
Q

What does an Antibody interact with?

A

a specific antigen

43
Q

The antibodies in our blood plasma do NOT recognize

A

antigens on erythrocytes

44
Q

What do Leukocytes help initiate?

A

an immune response and defend the body against pathogens

45
Q

Leukocytes are ____ cells

A

True (has a nucleus/ cellular organelles)

46
Q

Leukocytes do NOT contain

A

hemoglobin

47
Q

Leukocytes are _____ times larger than erythrocytes

A

1.5 to 3

48
Q

What are the two groups of leukocytes?

A

granulocytes and agranulocytes

49
Q

Neutrophil (Granulocytes)

A

Neutrophil
60–70% of the total number of leukocytes.
Devours bacteria (pathogen) & release enzymes

50
Q

Eosinophils (Granulocytes)

A

2–4% of the total number of leukocytes
nucleus usually has two lobes
Devours antigen-antibodies

51
Q

Basophils (Granulocytes)

A
  1. 5 times larger than erythrocytes

0. 5–1% of the total number of leukocytes

52
Q

What are agranulocytes? ( are overlooked)

A

leukocytes that have such small granules in their cytoplasm

53
Q

Agranulocytes have both

A

lymphocytes and monocytes

54
Q

T-lymphocytes (T-cells)

A

manage/direct an immune response

some directly attack foreign cells and virus-infected cells

55
Q

B-lymphocytes (B-cells)

A

stimulated to become plasma cells and produce antibodies

56
Q

Natural killer cells (NK cells)

A

attack abnormal and infected tissue cells

57
Q

Platelets are produce in what bone marrow?

A

red (cells called megakaryocytes)

58
Q

Components in the plasma produce a web of ___ that traps erythrocytes and platelets.

A

fibrin

Anatomy (7 decks)

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