Heart Flashcards
heart sounds to be evaluated
- S1, S2
- S3
- S4
- Murmurs
- Between S1 & S2
- ventricular contraction - Flow across pulmonic and aortic valves.
Systole: (Ejection)
- Between S2 & S1. -
- Ventricular relaxation -
- Flow across bicuspid & tricuspid valve
Diastole (Filling)
Thrills represent a
palpable murmur
reasons for performing left lateral heart auscultation
- S3 & S4 more detectable
- Certain murmurs detectable (Mitral Stenosis)
- PMI is louder
Closure of the Aortic & Pulmonic valves create
S2
Closure of mitral and tricuspin valves creat
S1
Pulmonic valve (P2) closes slightly
after the aortic valve (A2) during
inspiration, which causes…
Splitting S2
Comes just after S2 (similar to S2 split)
S3
Ventricular gallop
S3
Just prior to S1
(aka: Atrial Gallop
S4
- Usually not normal
- Active Ventricle filling
- Possible Hypertension
S4
Murmurs-Aortic Stenosis, high-pitched, blow, best heard at…
aortic area
Murmurs-Mitral Stenosis low pitched, diastolic, best heart at…
apex in lateral decubtitus position
Murmurs-Mitral Regurgitation
High-pitched, harsh, blowing, systolic
apex
Murmurs-Aortic Regurgitation
(High-pitched, blowing, early diastolic
decrescendo murmur)
heard best at LSE
systolic murmurs are graded on scale of 1-6 with 6 being the loudest. Grades 4-6 associated with
thrills
Most common arrhythmia
Sinus Arrhythmia
Pulse rate accelerates with inspiration
Sinus Arrhythmia
Radial pulse less than cardiac pulse (Pulse Deficit)
Atrial Fibrillation + Tachycardia
Two consecutive beats closely coupled with
subsequent pause before next beats (Rhythm disorder)
Bigeminal Pulse:
cause of Bigeminal Pulse
PVC and 2nd degree heart block
Quick up stroke with full volume (Bounding, Strong)
Hyperkinetic Pulse
cause of Hyperkinetic Pulse
- Hypertension / Atherosclerosis
- Anxiety / Exercise
Brisk pulse with full volume
(Water-hammer pulse, collapsing
pulse)
Corrigan’s pulse
Pulse Amplitude Grading Scale (0-4)
0 = Absent 1= Diminished, barely palpable 2= Expected 3= Increased 4= Bounding
