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Human Biology > Heart > Flashcards

Heart Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the effects of exercise, how does ur body respond?

A

Stimulus( oxygen is low and muscles require it)
Modulator( medulla oblongata texts low oxygen levels, cardiovascular centre is triggered)

Adrenaline increases the rate of nerve impulse

Effector ( sinoatrial node of heart)
Response ( increased heart rate and cardiac output)

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2
Q

Blood distribution?

A

When exercising blood only goes to the leaves in need, for examples the legs when running, not the stomach.

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3
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Making the diameter smaller

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4
Q

Vasodilation

A

Make diameter larger

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5
Q

Arteries

A

Carry blood away from the heart

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6
Q

How is the pulmonary artery different than normal arteries

A

Is brings blood back to the heart

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7
Q

Veins ??

A

Carries blood towards heart

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8
Q

Capillaries-

A

links arteries and veins, exchange of materials between blood and tissues

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9
Q

What is cardiac output ?

A

The volume of blood pumped from one ventricle of the heart on one minute

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10
Q

How blood goes through the heart ?

A

Blood enters though the superior and inferior vena Cava, where it enters into the right atria, then goes through the tricuspid value, right ventricle, and out through the semilunar valve where it exits throught the pulmonary artery

Blood comes through the pulmonary artery, left atrium, bicuspid value, left ventricle, through the semi lunar valve, out the the aorta.

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11
Q

Cardiac cycle

A

The heart beat, the sequence of events that occurs in one complete beat of the heart

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12
Q

The blood is made of up of ?

A 
55% plasma
45% bloods cells
- erythrocytes
- leukocytes
-thrombocytes
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13
Q

What’s oxyhemoglobin

A

When oxygen attaches to the haemoglobin

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14
Q

What’s deoxyhaemoglobin

A

When oxygen detaches from the haemoglobin

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15
Q

What are the four different muscle types

A

Muscle
Connective
Epithilial
Nervous

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16
Q

Systemic circulation

A

Part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart

17
Q

What’s pulmonic circulation

A

Part of the cardiovascular system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart, to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart

18
Q

Mesentric system ?

A

M

19
Q

The hepatic portal vein carries what?

A

Blood straight from the tissues to the ?!!?

20
Q

Stroke volume-

A

is the volume of blood forced from the ventricle of the heart with each contraction

21
Q

What’s the sinoatrial node?

A
  • The principle pacemaker
  • located in the wall of the right atrium just beaneaters the entry point of the superior vena cava
  • fibres from the sa node cause the Atria to contract
22
Q

Atrioventricular node?

A
  • second pacemaker
  • located in the ventricular septum- where the strai and ventricles meet
  • can take over from SA if it’s not working
23
Q

The atrioventricular and sinoatrial node both:

A

Are part of the conduction system which allows nerve pulses to send and keep the heart beating.
Av node discharges- nerve impulses a second after the sa node. Nerve impulses travel down the septum, through the large bundle of fibres, to apex of the heart.

24
Q

What is systole and diastole ?

A

Systole- contracting

Diastole- relaxing

25
Q

What happens during atrial systole?

A

Both the left and right atria contract and blood is forced into the ventricles

26
Q

What is ventricular diastole?

A

The cardiac muscle around the ventricles relaxes and the ventricle chamber fills with blood

27
Q

What is ventricular systole ?

A

Both the left and right ventricles contract and force blood into the arteries. The bicuspid and tricuspid valves prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricle

28
Q

What Happens during atrial dislike

A

At the same time, the Cardiac muscle around the atria relaxed and the atria fills with blood

29
Q

What are different factors affecting blood pressure

A

Time of day, sex, age, stress

Human Biology (15 decks)

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