Heart Flashcards
What are the effects of exercise, how does ur body respond?
Stimulus( oxygen is low and muscles require it)
Modulator( medulla oblongata texts low oxygen levels, cardiovascular centre is triggered)
Adrenaline increases the rate of nerve impulse
Effector ( sinoatrial node of heart)
Response ( increased heart rate and cardiac output)
Blood distribution?
When exercising blood only goes to the leaves in need, for examples the legs when running, not the stomach.
Vasoconstriction
Making the diameter smaller
Vasodilation
Make diameter larger
Arteries
Carry blood away from the heart
How is the pulmonary artery different than normal arteries
Is brings blood back to the heart
Veins ??
Carries blood towards heart
Capillaries-
links arteries and veins, exchange of materials between blood and tissues
What is cardiac output ?
The volume of blood pumped from one ventricle of the heart on one minute
How blood goes through the heart ?
Blood enters though the superior and inferior vena Cava, where it enters into the right atria, then goes through the tricuspid value, right ventricle, and out through the semilunar valve where it exits throught the pulmonary artery
Blood comes through the pulmonary artery, left atrium, bicuspid value, left ventricle, through the semi lunar valve, out the the aorta.
Cardiac cycle
The heart beat, the sequence of events that occurs in one complete beat of the heart
The blood is made of up of ?
55% plasma 45% bloods cells - erythrocytes - leukocytes -thrombocytes
What’s oxyhemoglobin
When oxygen attaches to the haemoglobin
What’s deoxyhaemoglobin
When oxygen detaches from the haemoglobin
What are the four different muscle types
Muscle
Connective
Epithilial
Nervous
Systemic circulation
Part of the cardiovascular system which carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body, and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart
What’s pulmonic circulation
Part of the cardiovascular system which carries deoxygenated blood away from the heart, to the lungs and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart
Mesentric system ?
M
The hepatic portal vein carries what?
Blood straight from the tissues to the ?!!?
Stroke volume-
is the volume of blood forced from the ventricle of the heart with each contraction
What’s the sinoatrial node?
- The principle pacemaker
- located in the wall of the right atrium just beaneaters the entry point of the superior vena cava
- fibres from the sa node cause the Atria to contract
Atrioventricular node?
- second pacemaker
- located in the ventricular septum- where the strai and ventricles meet
- can take over from SA if it’s not working
The atrioventricular and sinoatrial node both:
Are part of the conduction system which allows nerve pulses to send and keep the heart beating.
Av node discharges- nerve impulses a second after the sa node. Nerve impulses travel down the septum, through the large bundle of fibres, to apex of the heart.
What is systole and diastole ?
Systole- contracting
Diastole- relaxing
What happens during atrial systole?
Both the left and right atria contract and blood is forced into the ventricles
What is ventricular diastole?
The cardiac muscle around the ventricles relaxes and the ventricle chamber fills with blood
What is ventricular systole ?
Both the left and right ventricles contract and force blood into the arteries. The bicuspid and tricuspid valves prevent blood from flowing back into the ventricle
What Happens during atrial dislike
At the same time, the Cardiac muscle around the atria relaxed and the atria fills with blood
What are different factors affecting blood pressure
Time of day, sex, age, stress
