Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Human Biology > Digestion > Flashcards

Digestion Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The three types of mucosa of the stomach

A 
Mucous- mucous- secretion 
Parietal- pepsin- breaks down protein
-pepsinogen 
Chief- HCl - activates pepsin
- gastric hormones- create hunger feeling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does food move through stomach

A

Peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does food leave the stomach and where does it go

A

Chyme leaves the stomach and enters the duodenum of the small intestine

  • forced out by the mixing waves of stomach
  • leaves via sphincter
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the small intestine do

A

Absorption and digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The small intestine is made up of what three sections

A

The duodenum, jenenum, ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The mucosa?

A

The inner lining, which is highly folded to increase surface area, with Villi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the pancreatic juices ?

A

Pancreatic amylase
Trypsin
Ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease
Pancreatic lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Intestinal juices

A

Intestinal amylase
Intestinal peptidase
Intestinal lipase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is the digestion of bile mechanical? How?

A

Mechanical , bc bile Is a digestive aid, nike salts emulsifies fats, breaking down the fats into many droplets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is the small intestine so effective at absorbing materials

A

Because of the massive surface are, folded internal later with villi which is very long

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Hepatic portal vein

A

A vein that goes straight to liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Materials that enter the blood stream?

A

Simple sugars
Amino acids
Water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Materials that enter the lacteals

A

Fatty acids and glycerol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How does stomach mechanically digest

A

Waves of muscular contractions

Churn and mix the food with the gastric juices with forms chyme, ph of 3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the lacteal?

A

It’s collects materials and places them into the lymphatic system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

All the materials absorbed by the small intestine, enter the what?

A

The hepatic portal vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Bile? Where is it produced ? Where is it stored?

A

Bile is produced in the liver, it is a bi product of erythrocyte breakdown.

Bile is stored in the gall bladder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the villi?

A
  • constantly moving

- finger like extensions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Does some absorption occur through the concentration gradient and villi active transport ?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What doesn’t the Boyd absorb very well?

A

Minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What influences mineral absorption ?

A

Gender, males can absorb calcium better than females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How is the large intestine different than the small intestine?

A
  • 1.5 m long
  • large diameter
  • ascending and descending colon
  • rectum
  • anal canal
  • movement through the large intestine is very slow
  • no villi means no absorption
  • no digestive juices secreted, no digestion
  • lining secretes mucous to help move poop along
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What occurs in the large intestine?

A
  • water and electrolyte absorption
  • bacteria breaks down remaining food residue
  • storage area for faeces
  • bacteria fermentation- produces half a litre in flatus (gas) each day
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does faeces contain?

A 
Water
Undigested food
Bile pigments ( give odour)
Remains of cells broken away from digestive system
Bacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is excretion?

A

The removal of metabolic wastes

The lungs, skin, kidneys and liver excrete.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is defecation?

A

The discharge of faeces from the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is elimination?

A

Waste and Undigested materials are removed from the Body.

Excretion and defection are types of elimination.

28
Q

Why is pooing not excretion, by defection ?

A

Bc pooing is a faeces and not a metabolic waste.

29
Q

List the hormones that regulate digestion ?!

A

CCK- cholecystokinin
Gastric inhibitory peptide
Secretin
Gastrin

30
Q

What are the digestive system problems?

A

Constipation
Diarrhoea
Bowel cancer
Coeliac disease

31
Q

What is the cause of constipation?

A
  • Lack of fibre, protein

- when the movement of the large intestine are reduced and the contents remain there for a long amount of time

32
Q

What are the effects of constipation?

A

Defecation can be difficult and painful, faeces are harder and drier than usual.

33
Q

Diarrhoea causes?

A

Irritation in the small intestine
Bacterial infection or the small intestine
Food and diet

34
Q

What are the effects of diarrhoea ?

A

Frequent defection of watery faeces

May die from dehydration

35
Q

What are the causes of bowel cancer?

A

Cancer of the large intestine, linked to diet, a high diet in animal fat and protein and low in fibre

36
Q

What are the effects of bow cancer

A

Cancer, bleeding, pains, death, but easily preventable

37
Q

What is coeliac disease?

A

Unable to tolerate a protein called gluten

38
Q

What is the effect of coeliac disease?

A

Immune system responds by destroying villi In the small intestine

Rashes, malnourished, cramps

39
Q

What does the kidney do?

A

Ride body of metabolic wastes (water, urea, creatinine, ions)
Regulates balance of water, salt and ph of blood
Highly vascular( 0.25 blood going through at all times, 1.2L)

40
Q

What are the three stages of the nephron function

A

Glomerular filtration
Selective re absorption
Active secretion

41
Q

In glomerular filtration, what occurs?

A
  • Definition: filtration of blood at the kidneys
  • High pressure = more filtration
  • Afferent renal artery has high blood pressure bc it is wider than efferent
  • podocytes- finger like extensions absorb materials forced out of the blood
  • Taken into the glomerular capsule as filtrate
42
Q

Composition of filtrate

A

180L per day, 1% leaves as urine

Ions, water, urea, glucose, vitamins, salts

43
Q

What is selective reabsorption

A
  • Reabsorption of selected substances
  • substances reabsorption: na, k, Cl, ca,
  • micro villi: brush villi, high surface area,
  • the long proximal tubule and distal tubule contribute to high surface area
44
Q

What is active secretion?

A

Addition of substances from the blood into the filtrate

What’s secreted: h, k, drugs,neater, antiderietic hormone

High permeability : high water Reabsorption

45
Q

What is the composition of urine?

A 
Urea
Na, Cl ions
Amino acids
Proteins
Creatinine
1.5L per day
46
Q

What is deamination?

A

Breakdown of amino acids into the liver to ammonia which forms urea, which is transported to the kidneys for removal

47
Q

What is the digestive system

A 
Ingestion
Mechanical digestion
Chemical digestion
Movement
Absorption
Elimination
48
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

Breakdown of food into smaller particles, by the mouth and jaw without chemically altering its form

49
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

Breakdown of food into smaller particles by the digestive enzymes and mucous

50
Q

What does saliva do?

A

Begin chemical digestion, beginning with starch digestion

51
Q

What does the mesentery tissue do?

A

Surrounds the internal organs for support

52
Q

How does mechanical digestion occur in the mouth?

A

By the teeth and tongue, easier to swallow and increases its accessibility to chew

53
Q

What are th types of teeth

A 
Incisors
Can
Canines
Premolars
Molars
54
Q

What are the the three salivary glands

A

Parotid gland
Submandibular gland
Sublingual gland

55
Q

What is the tongue responsible for?

A

For moving food around in the moth to for a lump for swallowing called the bolus

56
Q

What is peristalsis

A

A wave of muscle contractions

57
Q

How is food moved down the alimentary canal

A

By peristalsis

58
Q

What aids food down the oesophagus?

A

Movement of food is lubricated by the secretion of mucous from the inner lining

59
Q

What is the sphincter ?

A

A round muscle which contracts to open and close

60
Q

The cardiac sphincter ?

A

Allows food into the stomach and prevents food from leaving the stomach

61
Q

Cause of indigestion and heart burn?

A

When the cardiac sphincter doesn’t close properly and the acid goes upwards, sometimes eat too much spicy food too

62
Q

Functions of stomach?

A 
A temporary holding tank
A mixing chamber
Connects the oesophagus to the duodenum 
Very extendible
Mechanical digestion
Chemical digestion
Produce of hormones gastric juices
63
Q

What is the stomach and effective storage tank??

A

BECAUse it stores and breaks down reading for absorption

64
Q

What is the basic units of the food material?

A

Carbohydrates- glucose

Proteins- amino acids

Lipids- fatty acids and glycerol

65
Q

What is the role of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids?

A

Carbs- provides Body with energy
Proteins- build and repaid tissues
Lipids- a supply and store of energy

66
Q

Where in the digestive system is this food material broken down?

A

Carb- begins in mouth

Proteins- small intestine

Lipids- small intestine

Human Biology (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions