Genetic Material. Ch. 17 Flashcards
How many hydrogen bonds are between cytosine and guanine? Adenine and thymine?
Cytosine and guanine- 3
Thymine and adenine- 2
What is a nucleotide?
Each sugar molecule and phosphate group with nitrogen base.
Nitrogen bases??
Adenine and thymine
Cytosine and thymine
What is the genetic code??
The order in which the nitrogenous bases are in the dna molecule.
Where is DNA located ??
In the nucleus.
Unless it’s mitochondrial DNA.
How are the DNA strands bound together?
The DNA strands are bound to proteins called histones. Each DNA strand is coiled around the histones so that these long molecules can fit into a small space.
Chromatin???
When a cell ISNT dividing, the coiled DNA forms a tangled network called the chromatin.
What is the genetic code in DNA??
Gives instructions for protein synthesis.
Synthesis ???
Combining of small molecules to make larger molecules.
Genes ??
Determine the types of protein a cell can make.
Amino acid ??
Sequence of 3 bases assembled at the ribosome.
What is mRNA?
Transfers the coded information from the nucleus to the ribosomes
What is tRNA?
Brings the amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome.
Each tRNA has three bases.
What is the genetic code?
The order in which the nitrogen bases occur.
DNA replication?
When the DNA form exact replica of themselves.
What is the role of DNA in the cell ?
The role of DNA in the cell is to that the genetic code in DNA provides the instructions for protein synthesis.
Basic answer of how DNA replication works ??
- The 2 linked chains separate, each section contains half of the original information
- serves as template for nucleotides that form new half.
The types of proteins a cell can make is determined by the _______
Genes.
Gene expression??
The process of copying information from the DNA onto the mRNA and then translating the message into a series of amino acids.
What does some mitochondria have ?
DNA
We inherit nuclear DNA from __________, but mtDNA from our _______.
Both parents
Mothers
How is nuclear DNA different the mtDNA?
DNA nuclear, very long strands
mtDNA , small circular molecules
How many genes do mtDNA have?
37
What is ??
A very large molecule made of two stands of nucleotides that are joined by bonds between the nucleotide bases. The two stands are twisted into a double helix. Found in the nucleus and mitochondria of cells.
DNA
What is the DNA found in the nucleus of cells?
nuclear DNA, nDNA
What is a large molecule composed of a single stand of nucleotides?
Rna
What is a rna molecule that carries the code for protein synthesis from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes where protein is made.
mRNA.
What is a small rna molecule that transfers the correct amino acid to the ribosome for inclusion in the protein moodle cult being made??
tRNA
What is the structure of DNA ?
- Each dna molecule has 2 strands of alternating sugars and phosphates
- pairs of nitrogenous bases to form cross links
- double helix
