Ch. 14 Cell Differentiation

Question 1

Blastocyst?

Answer 1

Hollow ball of cells that surround a cavity filled with fluid, it’s about six days after fertilisation the the zygote has reached the uterus.

Question 2

What are stem cells special ??

Answer 2

Because they are not specialised for any particular role, unlike other cells

Question 3

Proliferation ?

Answer 3

when cells replicate themselves many times.

Question 4

What is differentiation ?

Answer 4

Is the process by which unspecialised cells develop the characteristics and functions of particular types of cells.

Question 5

Stems cells have the ability to do what?

Answer 5

Divide indefinitely to create more stem cells

Or

Give rise to a specialised cell

Question 6

Totipotent ?

Answer 6

A stem cell able to create any of the types of cells necessary for embryonic development.

Question 7

Pluripotent ?

Answer 7

Stem cells that can create nearly but not all the cells necessary for foetal development.

Question 8

Multi potent cells

Answer 8

give rise to cells that have particular function. For example blood stem cells will give rise to red blood cells.

Question 9

What Are the primary germ layers

Answer 9

Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Question 10

What are the sources of stem cells??

Answer 10

• Umbilical cord blood and placental stem cells
• embryonic stem cells
• adult stem cells

Question 11

Embryonic stem cells??

Answer 11

Are present in 3-5 day Old embryos

Question 12

Adult stem cells -

Answer 12

Occur in the adult tissues- bone marrow, muscle and brain

Question 13

What is a zygote ?

Answer 13

Is the single cell that results from the fertilisation of an egg by a sperm