Cells Flashcards
How do you work out the :
High power field of view ?
Low power magnification
————————– X low power f.o,v
High power magnification
How do you work out the size of a cell
No of cells that fit across
How do you work out the scale?
Cell size
1 mm is equal to how many micrometers (um)
1000um
The cell membrane does what?
Forms a border around the cell and the nucleus, it allows nutrients to enter and leave the cell
Endoplasmic reticulum
Acts like a highway, helps movement of nutrients around the cell
The nucleus does what
Controls the activities of the cell
Chromosomes do what?
Carry all the chemical recipes for genes
Nucleolus
Involved in the manufacture of chemicals used in the ribosome
Vacuoles
Used for storage and transport of chemicals
Chloroplasts
Where photosynthesis occurs
Cell walls
Gives fixed shale and limits the expansion of the cell membrane
Golgi apparatus
Packages and stores chemicals and helps in getting rid of wastes
Ribosomes
Where proteins are made
Centrioles
Involved in the reproduction of cells
Mitochondria
They are the energy releasing organelles, where most of the chemical reactions for respiration occur.
Cytoplasm
Jelly like substance, holding all the other organelles in place
Lysosome
Contains enzymes that digest particles and disintegrate the cell after its death
The difference between smooth and tough er?
Smooth- stores lipids
Rough- stores ribosomes
What is an eukaryotic cell??
- Large
- multicellular
- has nucleus and organelles
- dna
- large ribosomes
- mitosis/ meiosis
Prokaryotic cells
-small
-unicellular
-no nucleus
-no membrane bound organelles
-ribosomes are small
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The six factors affecting cell transport
- Surface area and volume ratio
- Surface area
- Thickness of membrane
- Amount of moisture
- Vascular
- Concentration gradient.
How does the surface area vs volume ratio affect cell transport
In smaller cells= high SA to volume, therefore more cell transport
High SA: more space for materials to move in, but less volume to satisfy
Ex. Large and small cell, the oxygen will diffuse at the same rate but will reach the smaller cells centre quicker
How does surface area affect cell transport
High SA: larger amount of materials can be exchanged in a shorter period of time
How does thickness of a membrane affect cell transport
Thin tissues / layers of cells means there is less distance molecules have to travel.
The amount of moisture affects cell transport how?
All cells are surrounded by a layer of moisture and substances call only diffuse and use cell grad lost when dissolved
Being vascular affects cell transport how?
Rich supply of blood vessels- blood is always transporting materials
Concentration gradient affects cells transportation how?
Concentration gradient has to be maintained
Ex. Lungs have high O2 concentration rather than blood vessels
How do u work out magnification
Ocular magnification x objective magnification
