Epigenetics Flashcards
How does methylation and acetylation work?
advanced definition of epigenetics.
It acts to silence or activates the genes, gene expression is altered. Presence of epigenetic tags, influenced by environmental factors (lifestyle, exposure to chemicals/ radiation, diet )
What is crossing over?
When homologous chromosomes pair during the first division of meiosis the chromatids get tangled, which is called crossing over.
What is random fertilisation?
When any kind of sperm cells from a male parent fuse with any kind of egg from female parents.
What is epigenetics?
The study of changes in an organism caused by modification of gene expression, without alteration of the genetic code itself.
What is transcription ? In regulation to epigenetics?
Gene may be silenced or activated to suppress or enhance transcription
What is translation? In relation to epigenetics?
The rate of translation is altered
What is a protein in relation to epigentics?
Rate of protein packaging, degradation, modification, influenced.
What is DNA methylation?
Addition or removal or methyl groups (ch3) from between guanine and cytosine.
When a methyl group is added or removed to the DNA? What happens?
Addition- gene silenced, repression of transcription, blocks binding site of rna ploymerase.
Removal- gene activation, stimulates transcription.
What are the different methyl groups found in the diet?
Folate- dark, leafy, veg
Choline- eggs, chicken, tuna
Methione - nuts cheese beef
Vitamin b- animal products, banana
Histone modification ??
Altering the arrangement of the his tones.
What is histone acetylation ?
Acetyl groups are added or removed to change the charge of the histones.
