Health risks of PA

Question 1

Is it possible for PA to be dangerous for some health? why?

Answer 1

Yes, many injuries can occur from PA while other risks are decreased.

Question 2

What are the two unintended consequences of PA?

Answer 2

1. Musculoskeletal injury
2. Exertion-related sudden death

Question 3

Put the following sports from most to least musculoskeletal injuries reported
Aerobics, Gardening, Bicycle
Walking
Weightlifting

Answer 3

MOST
Weightlifting (2.4%)
Gardening (1.6%)
Walking (1.4%)
Aerobics (1.4%)
Bicycling (0.9%)

Question 4

What are the major risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries and why (4)

Answer 4

Aging (slower recovery)
Structural faults (genetics)
Excess body weight (less active and more stress on joints)
Previous injury (more fragile)

Question 5

What are the minor risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries

Answer 5

Low fitness
Smoking
Improper use of protective equipment

Question 6

What has to be chosen carefully when one or more risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries are present?

Answer 6

The intensity needs to be chosen carefully so as not further to injure someone

Question 7

Flexibility can be lost easily when it’s not used. What is the key to remaining flexible?

Answer 7

Be active and move your joints through their FULL range of motion

Question 8

Do people who participate in sports or people who are inactive have more risks of injury

Answer 8

Because they don’t do sports, there are fewer occasions for someone inactive to get injured.

Question 9

Why are helmets important?

Answer 9

They prevent head trauma, especially important in impact or high-speed sports

Question 10

What is an example of public health policies helping decrease death or injury?

Answer 10

When policies were put in place for motorcyclists to wear helmets, there was an observable decrease in injuries and deaths

Question 11

In a joint, what can often be the problem in injury?

Answer 11

Overtime, the articular cartilage over the bones can wear and tear and create pain

Question 12

What are the effects of being overweight on joint injury?

Answer 12

1. The weight accumulated in the belly and weak abdominal muscles can cause lordosis and a forward pelvic tilt. This ends in lower back pain
2. The bigger weight on the joints can cause pain in impact sports

Question 13

What is osteoarthritis

Answer 13

Arthritis is seen most often in active people, when there is damage to the cartilage that exposes bone, causing pain.

Question 14

What is rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 14

It’s an inflammatory disease that causes deformity in the joints. It can come in flare-ups and be managed with medication

Question 15

What is the fastest-growing medical problem in the workplace today? How can we avoid them?

Answer 15

Overuse injuries
This can be avoided by decreasing the number of repetitions of the motions or correcting the motion (ergonomic equipment that decreases stress on joints)

Question 16

During sports, which group is more at risk for injuries?

Answer 16

Inactive people are more at risk because their bodies are not used to this level of stress. (weekend warriors)

Question 17

Is running a risk for injury? why?

Answer 17

yes, 1 in 3 chances of injury with 1 in 10 that can require medical attention.

Question 18

What are the risk factors for injury when running?

Answer 18

Increasing mileage or intensity (more stress on the body), especially if it’s not gradual

Question 19

What are the risk factor % for aerobic/ group exercise

Answer 19

36% under the knee (often stress fractures)
35% Knee injuries

Question 20

What can cause injuries in aerobics?

Answer 20

1. the floors are hard and cause stress injuries over time
2. Wrong equipment (shoes)

Question 21

What can be done to prevent musculoskeletal injuries? (6)

Answer 21

• Warm-up (gradual increase of stress)
• Begin slow
• Don’t overstrain
• Use proper form
• Use good equipment
• Listen to your body (off days)

Question 22

Why is using proper form important?

Answer 22

If not, the joints will receive force in which they are not supposed to
Or, other muscles will be used and the targeted one will not be strengthened

Question 23

What happens if someone overdoses on excessive exercise?

Answer 23

The body is not able to recover properly from workouts:
- the body can enter a catabolic state
- there’s an excess of cortisol released
- the microscopic tears in the body don’t have time to heal
- the immune system is weakened
- possible to develop insomnia

Question 23

Show an example of a way to avoid overdosing on excessive exercise

Answer 23

The bye week in the NFL is a way of giving more time for athletes to recover as the season reaches its end

Question 24

What are the risks of sudden MI (heart attack) over time in a workout

Answer 24

During the first hour rather than later

Question 25

The average risk of heart attacks is higher for […] and lower for […]

Answer 25

sedentary people
active people

Question 26

When an active person is doing PA, they have […] chances of having a heart attack than a sedentary doing PA

Answer 26

Lower

Question 27

When running long distances, when is someone more likely to have a heart attack?

Answer 27

In the last quartile

Question 28

When someone has a heart attack while running a long distance are they more likely to survive or not?

Answer 28

No, most are nonsurvivors

Question 29

What enviromental conditions can increase the risk of injury during a long-distance race?

Answer 29

1. Heat
2. Air quality