Counseling and communication Flashcards
Self-esteem
How one feels about oneself and one’s characteristics
What does global self-esteem intel
- Intellectual
- Social
- Emotional
- Physical (how to use equipment)
What may create unrealistic expectations and may contribute to reduced physical self-esteem
- Media
- Advertising
- Social pressure (creating guilt)
- Cultural pressures
What is body image
What we feel our body should look like ultimately. This is a different idea for everyone
What is our job as health consultants
Stay within the scope of the profession and refer to other professionals if needed
What is a belief and what is it shaped by?
It is a thought, shaped by personal experience, Observation of others’ experiences, media and other factors
What is an attitude
It is a value attached to a belief that shapes the way we interact with certain activities
Self-efficacy
It is the beliefs and confidence someone has in themself to be successful and it can be improved with learning how to succeed
How do we predict outcomes (expectations) when giving a program to a client
- The client must believe they can achieve the goal (realistic)
- We must evaluate their experience to see how it might reflect now (barriers, relapse, and preferences)
Clients progress through stages in a […]
spiral
When enhancing motivation, if the clinicians use strategies in a stage other than the one the client is in, the results could be […]
treatment noncompliance
What can create frustration and break down the therapeutic alliance?
pushing the client to a faster pace than they are ready for
What are the stages of the change model
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintain
(Prochaska & DiClemente, 1992)
Stages of change model
List examples of each of the stages of change
Precontemplation: doesn’t even consider getting active
Contemplation: Starts to look up information
Preparation: Gets equipment, signs up for a class
Action: Goes to a class, workouts out, start a program
Maintain: Keep sticking with the program
What is the difference between action and maintenance
In maintenance, the client can follow a program on their own, they could still relapse but have integrated being active into their routine
What is the termination stage?
Not being active is not an option
What are the 4 styles of counselling
Preacher, Director, Educator, Counsellor
Preacher
Emphasizes what to do, but not how to do it (description)
Director
Tell the client to perform certain tasks after having discussed goals and objectives (prescription)
Educator
Provides information in a clear non-judgmental way to help clients integrate the information into their life (information)
Counsellor
Will have the client active in all aspects of the change process so essentially helping clients arrive at solutions and set goals (collaborative)
What can each counselling type offer
P: establish health benefits
D: effective PA and lifestyle change program
E: understand the results
C: Establish lifestyle and PA alternatives
What are nonverbal communication skills used by a counsellor to better communicate with the client
- Eye contact
- Vocal tone
- Rate of speech
- Physical space
- Body language
What needs to be observed in the client during a meeting
Their non-verbal communication
What data is important to gather when wanting to help a client (5)
- Lifestyle behaviours
- Activity past and preferences
- Activity levels
- Goals and aspirations (make sure realistic)
- Physical condition
Counsellors work with clients to assist them in developing […], generating […] and […] about PA and other lifestyle behaviours
insight
alternative
making decisions
What are the three perspectives on counselling
- Helping
- A process
- Problem solving
What are the 5 core conditions of effective counselling?
client-conselor
- Developing a relationship
- Empathy and communication
- Unconditional positive regard, non-judgemental
- Authenticity (listening) and genuineness (concern for the client)
- Congruence
What are strategies for active listening
staying on the same page
Open and closed questions
Restating or paraphrasing
Reflection of meaning
Make sure you understand what they are saying
What are things that might cause communication breakdown (6)
Allowing your mind to wander
Advise without listening
Insincere or condescending
Using inappropriate humour
Appearing inattentive
insensitive to concerns or judging
