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EDKP 330 > Environmental and policy approaches to promoting PA > Flashcards

Environmental and policy approaches to promoting PA Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two components of an environment

A

Build a physical environment

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2
Q

What is the built environment

A

Man-made structures that influence opportunities for PA positively or negatively

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3
Q

What is the physical environment

A

Built structure as well as other physical supports or barriers to PA in the natural environment

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4
Q

How is health related to the physical environment

A

People will choose to participate in PA or not depending on the quality of the water and air, the type of housing they have, the roads they have access to and the safety of all of these

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5
Q

Besides the health care system, are other sectors involved in promoting PA with the environment? explain?

A

Yes, sectors like transportation need to make sure the amenities are accessible while being active

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6
Q

What is the PA definition of access

A

Enhance access to places that promote PA. It is an evidence-based strategy for increasing PA and exercise in a community

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7
Q

What is geographic access

A

features of the built environment

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8
Q

How is geographic access measured

A

Availability: Number of parks nearby
Accessibility: Ease of reaching the park

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9
Q

What is economic access

A

having the means to get into certain parks (if there’s an entrance fee)

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10
Q

Is building new places to be active sufficient? What else is needed if not?

A

No, it is not sufficient. People need to be aware of the facilities they have access to. (informational outreaches)

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11
Q

Physiological and behavioural results are in favour of […] in studies with […]

A

Increased PA
Increased access

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12
Q

What are 2 ways that PA can be influenced by the environment

A

Urban design and land use policies

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13
Q

What are urban design and land use policies dependant of?

A

they have to be community dependent facilities

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14
Q

do we maximize and minimize when thinking of urban design and land use policies

A

Maximize PA options
Minimize risk of danger while being active

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15
Q

What is land use policy

A

Management, planning an development of land, also called zoning

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16
Q

What is urban design

A

Form, function and outward appearance of the physical environment

17
Q

Where is urban design used

A

Neighbourhoods
Towns
Cities
Communities

18
Q

What are examples of applying community-scale urban design

A

connecting transportation arteries
Creating landscaping and ligthing to increase perceived safety
Incentives (tax) for developers to increase walkability
Implement programs

19
Q

With community scale urban design, what are the PA outcomes

A

Physical and built environment can improve levels of PA for an average of 160%

20
Q

What are the to ways to measure urban design

A

Connectivity: how easy it is to get from one place to another in a given neighbourhood
Walkability: How easy it is to walk as transportation based on the environment

21
Q

What is street scale urban design

A

changes to the built and physical environment in a smaller geographic areas

22
Q

What are the strategies for street scale urban design

A
  • Enhancements for pedestrians (crossings, sidewalks)
  • Traffic calming
  • Safety strategies (bicycle lanes, repair and maintain)
23
Q

With appropriate street scale changes, PA can be expected to […]

A

increase by 35%

24
Q

Changes done to an environment depend on […]

A

the neirghbourhood that is targeted

25
Q

What is important when measuring the built environment

A

determine the baseline to understand the effectiveness of the changes made

26
Q

How can we measure the built environment

A
  • self-reported perceptions
  • Direct observation
  • Secondary analysis techniques
27
Q

Pros and cons of self-report

A

Pros: Information from large populations and inexpensive to administer
Cons: Respondents’ bias based on their personal situations and health status

28
Q

Pros and cons of direct observations

A

Pros: More standardized and less prone to bias
Cons: More expensive and more personnel needed

29
Q

Pros and cons of Geographic information systems (GIS)

A

Pros: less expensive, used in large areas, merging of studies, determine specific supports or barriers
Cons: the different resources are not standardized in their method of collecting data.

30
Q

Environmental approaches to physical activity promotion must result from some kind of…

A

Policy change

31
Q

What is the chain of effects of policy changes

A
  1. Change physical activity behaviours
  2. Change health
  3. Change healthcare costs
32
Q

Policies can include:

A
  1. Formal written codes (zoning)
  2. Regulations
  3. Court decisions
  4. Non-legal policies (standards that are accepted and written)
  5. Unwritten social norms (usually based on culture)
  6. Social groups

EDKP 330 (8 decks)

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